Original Research Article
Social approach behaviors are similar on conventional versus reverse lighting cycles, and in replications across cohorts, in BTBR T+ tf/J, C57BL/6J, and vasopressin receptor 1B mutant mice
Mu Yang 1*, Maria Luisa. Scattoni 1, 2, Vladimir Zhodzishsky 1, Thomas Chen 1, Heather Caldwell 3, W Scott. Young 3, Hewlet G. McFarlane 1, 4 and Jacqueline N. Crawley 1
1 Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
2 Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy
3 Section on Neural Gene Expression , National Institute of Mental Health, USA
4 Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, USA
2 Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy
3 Section on Neural Gene Expression , National Institute of Mental Health, USA
4 Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, USA
Mice are a nocturnal species, whose social behaviors occur primarily during the dark phase of the circadian cycle. However, laboratory rodents are frequently tested during their light phase, for practical reasons. We investigated the question of whether light phase testing presents a methodological pitfall for investigating mouse social approach behaviors. Three lines of mice were systematically compared. One cohort of each line was raised in a conventional lighting schedule and tested during the light phase, under white light illumination; another cohort was raised in a reverse lighting schedule and tested during their dark phase, under dim red light. Male C57BL/6J (B6) displayed high levels of sociability in our three-chambered automated social approach task when tested in either phase. BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) displayed low levels of sociability in either phase. Five cohorts of vasopressin receptor subtype 1b (Avpr1b) null mutants, heterozygotes, and wildtype littermate controls were tested in the same social approach paradigm: three in the dark phase and two in the light phase. All three genotypes displayed normal sociability in four out of the five replications. In the juvenile play test, testing phase had no effect on play soliciting behaviors in Avpr1b mice, but had modest effects on nose sniff and huddling. Taken together, these findings indicate that testing phase is not a crucial factor for studying some forms of social approach in juvenile and adult mice.
Keywords: inbred strains of mice, BTBR T+tf/J, C57BL/6J, vasopressin receptor subtype 1b, social interaction, juvenile play, circadian phase, autism
Copyright: © 2007 Yang, Scattoni, Zhodzishsky, Chen, Caldwell, Young, McFarlane and Crawley. This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.
*Correspondence: Mu Yang, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Building 35, Room 1C-909, Mail Code 3730, Bethesda, MD 20892-3730 USA. Phone: 1-301-451-9387; Fax: +1- 301-480-4630. e-mail: yangmu@mail.nih.gov
Citation: Yang M, Scattoni ML, Zhodzishsky V, Chen T, Caldwell H, Young WS, McFarlane HG and Crawley JN (2007) Social approach behaviors are similar on conventional versus reverse lighting cycles, and in replications across cohorts, in BTBR T+ tf/J, C57BL/6J, and vasopressin receptor 1B mutant mice. Front. Behav. Neurosci. (2007) 1:1. doi:10.3389/neuro.08.001.2007
Received: 19 July 2007; paper pending published: 12 September 2007; accepted: 25 September 2007; published online: 02 November 2007.
Edited by:
Carmen Sandi, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Switzerland
Reviewed by:
John F. Cryan, University College Cork, Ireland
Carmen Sandi, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Switzerland
Carmen Sandi, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Switzerland
*Correspondence: Mu Yang, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Building 35, Room 1C-909, Mail Code 3730, Bethesda, MD 20892-3730 USA. Phone: 1-301-451-9387; Fax: +1- 301-480-4630. e-mail: yangmu@mail.nih.gov


