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Original Research Article
Diffusion modeling of ATP signaling suggests a partially regenerative mechanism underlies astrocyte intercellular calcium waves

1  Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
2  Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, USA
3  Neurosciences Program, University of California, San Diego, USA


Network signaling through astrocyte syncytiums putatively contribute to the regulation of a number of both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the mammalian central nervous system. As such, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms is critical to determining any roles played by signaling through astrocyte networks. Astrocyte signaling is primarily mediated by the propagation of intercellular calcium waves in the sense that paracrine signaling results in measurable intracellular calcium transients. Although the molecular mechanisms are relatively well known, there is conflicting data regarding the mechanism by which the signal propagates through the network. Experimentally there is evidence for both a point source signaling model in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by an initially activated astrocyte only, and a regenerative signaling model in which downstream astrocytes release ATP. We modeled both conditions as a simple lumped parameter phenomenological diffusion model and show that the only possible mechanism that can accurately reproduce experimentally measured results is a dual signaling mechanism that incorporates elements of both proposed signaling models. Specifically, we were able to accurately simulate experimentally measured in vitro intercellular calcium wave dynamics by assuming a point source signaling model with a downstream regenerative component. These results suggest that seemingly conflicting data in the literature are actually complimentary, and represents a highly efficient and robustly engineered signaling mechanism.

Keywords: astrocytes, glial cells, calcium waves, diffusion, mathematical modeling, cell signaling

Citation: MacDonald CL, Yu D, Buibas M and Silva GA (2008) Diffusion modeling of ATP signaling suggests a partially regenerative mechanism underlies astrocyte intercellular calcium waves. Front. Neuroeng. doi:10.3389/neuro.16.001.2008

Received: 19 April 2008; paper pending published: 14 May 2008; accepted: 13 June 2008; published online: 17 July 2008.

Edited by: 
Michele Giugliano, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Antwerpen (UIA), Belgium

Reviewed by: 
Corrado Cali, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland
Renaud Jolivet, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Michele Giugliano, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Antwerpen (UIA), Belgium

Copyright: © 2008 MacDonald, Yu, Buibas and Silva. This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.

*Correspondence: Dr. Gabriel A. Silva, UCSD Jacobs Retina Center, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, California 92037-0946, USA. e-mail: gsilva@ucsd.edu
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