Henry Markram is a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. He founded the Brain Mind Institute (BMI) in 2002. He was born in South Africa and went to school at Kearsney College. He studied medicine and neuroscience at Cape Town University where, with Rodney Douglas he found that acetylcholine could re-arrange polymodal sensory maps of the giant cells in the brain stem. He obtained his Ph.D. in Neuroscience with Menhem Segal at the Weizmann Institute of Science where he discovered that acetylcholine is so important in memory because it gates the NMDA receptor. He went to the Max Planck Institute where he discovered calcium transients in dendrites evoked by sub-threshold activity and by single action potentials propagating back into dendrites. Markram discovered Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) in 1992-1993 as a postdoc in Bert Sakman’s lab. Henry moved back to the WIS at the end of 1993 as an Assistant Professor where he started to systematically reverse engineering of the neocortical microcircuitry. He discovered redistribution of synaptic efficacy (RSE) among other key synaptic princples. Misha Tsodyks and he developed the TM mathematical model for dynamic synapses. He and Wolfgang Maass developed the theory of "Liquid Computing" to explain how neural circuits can produce a meaningful output when they are in states that may never have occurred in the past. In 2002 be moved as full professor, founder and director of the Brain Mind Institute to the EPFL. His lab built some of the most advanced technology to study neural circuits (12 neuron patch-clamp, multiple parralel optical stimulation, etc). He with Jean-Vincent le Be discovered Long-Term Microcircuit Plasticity (LTMP), and a number of cellular, synaptic and connectivity principles in the neocortical microcircuitry. Kamila Markram and he developed a novel unifying theory of autism called the Intense World Theory of Autism. Henry founded and directs the Blue Brain Project, which is building a simulation-based research facility for neuroscience. The first model built by this facility was the neocortical column. The Blue Brain Project involves neuroinformatics, model building according to biological specifications, simulation on supercomputers, and advanced scientific 3D visualization. Henry believes that it is biologically and technically possible to build detailed models of the mouse, rat, cat, primate, and Human Brain within 10 years. He has received numerous awards and published around a 100 papers.