These Terms of Use constitute a contract between all visitors to and users of Frontiers Websites (as defined below) (“you”) and Frontiers In Science ("Frontiers"), a Swiss foundation with its principal place of business in Pully, Switzerland. Frontiers operates www.frontiersin.org, www.frontiersinscience.org and certain other Frontiers journal websites (collectively "Frontiers Websites"), through which it strives to make the world's science literature a freely available public resource. By using Frontiers Websites and any services accessible from Frontiers Websites, you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions ("Terms of Use"). If you do not agree to these Terms of Use, you may not visit or use any of Frontiers Websites, and you are required to leave this website and all Frontiers Websites immediately.

In these Terms of Use, the following words and expressions shall have the following respective definitions: Account shall mean an account opened by any user of or visitor to any Frontiers Website. Assignee means any person or entity to whom or which Frontiers may grant licences over, and/or mandate to manage, Frontiers Websites and/or the journals published on Frontiers Websites. References in these Terms of Use to Frontiers shall include its Assignees. Contributions shall mean any contribution from you or anyone using your account, as further described in the section headed “Content Standards”. Frontiers Websites shall have the meaning given above. Frontiers Website shall mean any Frontiers Website(s). You shall mean any registered or unregistered user of or visitor to a Frontiers Website.

The copyright in the material contained on Frontiers Websites, and all trademarks appearing on Frontiers Websites, belong to Frontiers or its licensors. All intellectual property rights in content, names, logos and other trademarks are protected under national and international copyright, patent and trademark laws, international conventions and all other relevant intellectual property and proprietary rights and applicable laws.

Unless otherwise indicated, all Frontiers Websites are the property of Frontiers. You acknowledge and agree that Frontiers Websites, and any software used in association with Frontiers Websites, may contain proprietary and confidential information that is protected by applicable laws governing intellectual property, proprietary rights and the like. All Frontiers Websites’ code and specifications are subject to the terms of their respective express or implied licences. You may only use such software and code for the purposes of visiting and using Frontiers Websites in accordance with these Terms of Use, and for no other purpose. You may not copy, analyse, reverse-engineer or appropriate any such software or code.

You confirm that you have read and accept our Privacy Policy Statement. You confirm that you consent to the processing of your personal data by Frontiers and/or its Assignees in accordance with the Privacy Policy Statement.

Frontiers reserves the right to limit, suspend or terminate your access and use of Frontiers Websites at any time without notice. Frontiers makes no guarantee that any Frontiers Website will be uninterrupted or error free. Frontiers reserves the right to suspend or withdraw the whole or any part of any Frontiers Website at any time without notice and without incurring any liability. Unless otherwise indicated, you may print and download articles on Frontiers Websites for your own use and/or in order to bring them to the attention of others, subject to your obligation to acknowledge prominently the status of Frontiers in relation to such materials and to the identity of the author or authors, and your obligation to maintain and reproduce all copyright and other intellectual property right notices and signs. You may not receive payment for the further promulgation or transfer of any such materials. You may not modify any such materials in any manner. You may, at your own risk and on your own responsibility and liability, prepare summaries of such materials. You may not use or reproduce any graphics, audio or video, photographic or other materials accompanying texts separately from the materials without the prior specific written consent of Frontiers. You may create links to Frontiers Websites from other respectable websites. You may not create links to Frontiers Websites from any racist or extremist website or any website advocating hatred, violence or discrimination. Frontiers reserves the absolute right to require you to remove any link or links to any Frontiers Website, and you undertake to comply immediately with any such requiremen

You may visit Frontiers Websites without having an account, on condition that you agree to these Terms of Use and to the processing and transfer of your personal data in accordance with Frontiers’ Privacy Policy Statement. In order to open an account and become a registered user, Editor, Referee or Author, on Frontiers Websites and/or submit articles for publication on Frontiers Websites, you must (i) agree to these Terms of Use and (ii) register with Frontiers and provide any information required by Frontiers during the registration process. You are responsible for maintaining the accuracy of this information, and the security of your Account, user name and password. Frontiers will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with this security obligation. You are also responsible for all content that you may post on Frontiers Websites and activity that occurs under your Account (even when content is posted by others under your Account). You must: (i) notify Frontiers immediately of any unauthorised use of any password or Account or any other known or suspected breach of security; and (ii) report to Frontiers immediately and use reasonable efforts to stop immediately any unauthorised activity that is known or suspected by you.

Prohibited Uses As a condition to your use of Frontiers Websites, you agree not to: * upload, post, email, transmit or otherwise make available any information, materials or other content that is illegal, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, obscene, pornographic, racist, extremist or offensive; that advocates violence; or that infringes another's rights, including any intellectual property rights; or otherwise fails to comply with Frontiers’ content standards (see below); * use any Frontiers Website: * for any fraudulent purpose or to any fraudulent effect * for the purpose of harming or attempting to harm minors in any way * knowingly to transmit any data, send or upload any material that contains viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time-bombs, keystroke loggers, spyware, adware or any other harmful programs or similar computer code designed to affect adversely the operation of any computer software or hardware. * reproduce, duplicate, copy or re-sell any part of any Frontiers Website in contravention of the provisions of these Terms of Use; * impersonate any person or entity or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent your affiliation with a person or entity; or obtain, collect, store or modify personal information about other users; * upload, post, email, transmit or otherwise make available any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising, promotional materials, "junk mail," "spam," "chain letters," "pyramid schemes," or any other form of solicitation; * modify, adapt or hack Frontiers Websites or falsely imply that some other Website is associated with Frontiers Websites or Frontiers; * access without authority, interfere with, damage or disrupt: * any part of our site, * any equipment or network on which our site is stored, * any software used in the provision of our site, or * any equipment or network or software owned or used by any third party; or * use any Frontiers Website for any illegal or unauthorised purpose. You must not, in the use of Frontiers Websites, violate any laws in any relevant jurisdiction.

These content standards apply to any and all material which you contribute to Frontiers Website (Contributions), and to any interactive services associated with it. You must comply with the spirit of the following standards as well as the letter. The standards apply to each part of any contribution as well as to its whole. Contributions must: * Be accurate (where they state facts). * Be genuinely held (where they state opinions). * Comply with applicable law in Switzerland and in any country from which they are posted. * Comply with the same restrictions as listed under “Prohibited Uses” above. Contributions must not: * Contain any material which is defamatory of any person * Contain any material which is obscene, offensive, hateful, or inflammatory * Promote sexually explicit material * Promote violence, hatred, racism or extremism * Promote discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation or age * Infringe any copyright, database right, trade mark or any other intellectual property right of any other person * Be likely to deceive any person * Be made in breach of any legal duty owed to a third party, such as a contractual duty or a duty of confidence * Promote any illegal activity * Be threatening, abuse or invade another’s privacy * Be used to impersonate any person, or to misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person * Give the impression that they emanate from Frontiers, a Frontiers Assignee or any of its or their officers or employees, if this is not the case * Otherwise breach these Terms of Use or any applicable law or advocate any such breach.

Frontiers reserves the right to investigate and prosecute breaches of any of these Terms of Use to the fullest extent of the law. You consent to Frontiers disclosing your identity and personal information to relevant authorities to the extent considered desirable in the investigation of any actual or suspected criminal offences. Frontiers may involve and cooperate with law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who violate the Terms of Use. You acknowledge that Frontiers has no obligation to pre-screen or monitor your access to or use of Frontiers Websites or any information, materials or other content provided or made available through Frontiers Websites, but has the right to do so. You hereby agree that Frontiers may, in the exercise of Frontiers' sole discretion, remove or delete any entries, information, materials or other content that violates these Terms of Use or that is otherwise objectionable.

In the course of using Frontiers Websites, you may provide Frontiers with comments, including but not limited to suggestions and observations concerning errors, problems and defects, as well as any other issues, regarding Frontiers Websites (collectively "Comments"). You hereby grant Frontiers a worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive, royalty-free, transferable and sub-licensable right to use, copy, modify, distribute, display, translate, perform, create derivative works from, sub-license and otherwise exploit all such Comments.

Frontiers reserves the right to modify or discontinue, temporarily or permanently, Frontiers Websites (or any part thereof), or your access to all or any part of Frontiers Websites, with or without notice at any time. You agree that Frontiers shall not be liable to you or to any third party for any modification, suspension or discontinuance of Frontiers Websites. Frontiers reserves the right to change these Terms of Use by posting changes on this page of Frontiers Websites. By using Frontiers Websites, you agree to be bound by any such revisions and should therefore periodically visit this page to determine the then-current Terms of Use to which you are bound.

Frontiers Websites may provide or permit links to other Websites or resources. Because Frontiers has no control over such Websites and resources, you acknowledge and agree that Frontiers is not responsible for the availability of such external Websites or resources, and does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products or other materials on or available from such Websites or resources. Your business dealings with any third parties through Frontiers Websites, including payment for and delivery of related goods or services, and any other terms, conditions, warranties or representations associated with such dealings, are solely between you and such third party. You further acknowledge and agree that Frontiers shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or services available on or through any such Website or resource.

If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, or your intellectual property rights have otherwise been violated, please notify claims@frontiersin.org.

YOUR USE OF THE FRONTIERS WEBSITES OR ANY WEB SITE TO WHICH THEY ARE LINKED IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. THE FRONTIERS WEBSITES AND THEIR CONTENT ARE PROVIDED FOR USE ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS. FRONTIERS MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE FRONTIERS WEBSITES OR THEIR CONTENTS AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT RELATING TO THE FRONTIERS WEBSITES, THEIR CONTENT OR ANY WEBSITE TO WHICH THEY ARE LINKED. NO ADVICE OR INFORMATION, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, OBTAINED BY YOU FROM FRONTIERS OR THROUGH OR FROM FRONTIERS WEBSITES SHALL CREATE ANY WARRANTY NOT EXPRESSLY STATED IN THESE TERMS OF USE. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, FRONTIERS STRONGLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY ANY INFORMATION UPON WHICH YOU CHOOSE TO RELY.

You agree to indemnify and hold Frontiers its subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, agents, co-branders or other partners and employees harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorney fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of your use of Frontiers Websites, your connection to Frontiers Websites, your breach of these Terms of Use, your violation of any rights of another, or any breach of your representations, warranties and covenants set out in these Terms of Use. The user is solely responsible for his or her actions when using Frontiers Websites, including, but not limited to, costs incurred for Internet access. Frontiers reserves the right, at its own expense, to assume the exclusive defence and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate with our defence of these claims.

IN NO EVENT SHALL FRONTIERS OR ITS EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTRACTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY, LOSS OF GOODWILL, USE, DATA OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ANY OTHER LOSS, COST, CLAIM OR EXPENSE OF ANY KIND OR CHARACTER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THE FRONTIERS WEBSITES, THEIR CONTENT OR ANY WEBSITE WITH WHICH THEY ARE LINKED.

Recognising the global nature of the Internet, you agree to comply with all local rules regarding online conduct. Specifically, you agree to comply with all applicable laws regarding the transmission of technical data exported from Switzerland or the country in which you reside

These Terms of Use constitute the entire agreement between you and Frontiers and govern your use of Frontiers Websites, superseding any prior agreements between you and Frontiers (including, but not limited to, any prior versions of the Terms of Use) and any prior representations by Frontiers. THESE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF SWITZERLAND, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAW PRINCIPLES. YOU AND FRONTIERS SUBMIT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE CANTON DE VAUD, SWITZERLAND, FOR ANY DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR USE OF ANY FRONTIERS WEBSITE. You consent to the granting to Frontiers of a stay of proceedings in any other jurisdiction. The failure of Frontiers to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of the Terms of Use is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavour to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the Terms of Use remain in full force and effect. You agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or cause of action brought against Frontiers and its subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, agents, co-branders or other partners and employees, arising out of or related to use of Frontiers Websites or the Terms of Use must be filed within one (1) year after such claim or cause of action arose or be forever barred. The section titles in the Terms of Use are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.