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Fecundity of diploid and triploid Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) females

Anna Przybyl1*, Dorota Juchno1, Aleksandra Szabelska1 and Alicja Boron1
  • 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

The Prussian carp C. gibelio (Bloch, 1782) is one of the most invasive fish species in Europe (Grabowska et al. 2010; Kalous et al. 2012) inhabiting almost all available aquatic environments from northern Europe to Asia. Successive spread of this species is possible due to an extraordinary resistance to adverse environmental conditions (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007) and reproductive plasticity as bisexual and asexual reproduction by gynogenesis where the sperm of conspecific or other species are used for induction of eggs development (Jiang et al. 2013; Zhou and Gui 2017). Until the 1990s, the majority of European C. gibelio populations were thought to be almost exclusively composed of triploid (3n = 150-160 chromosomes) females that arose through gynogenesis and represented discrete clonal lineages. In recent years, there is observed transition of C. gibelio European populations from asexual to bisexual. This process is apparent at the ploidy and sex ration that triploid gynogenetic females coexist with diploids (2n=100) of both sexes and occasionally with a different number of triploid males (Tóth et al. 2005; Lusková et al. 2010; Boroń et al. 2011; Jiang et al. 2013; Šimková et al. 2015). The aims of the present, preliminary study, was analysis of eggs size and fecundity as components of reproductive potential of diploid and triploid C. gibelio females. The more so because little such comparative data has been published so far. Samples of C. gibelio were collected before spawning season, May 2014 and 2016 during the commercial catching using nylon nets from diploid-triploid population in Siemianowka Reservoir (52⁰50'N, 21⁰30'E) on the Narew River, the Baltic Sea basin. The fish were treated in accordance with the Act of 15 January 2015 about the protection of animals for scientific and educational purposes and according to LKE license no. 20/2013. The absolute fecundity was estimated according to the number of ready-to-lay eggs in the extracted ovary subsamples using the gravimetric method described by Juchno et al. (2013). The ovary and subsamples were fixed in 4% buffered formalin and weighted. In total, absolute fecundity (Fa) of six diploid and 11 triploid females with average standard length 28.96 cm and body weight 799.64 g were estimated. Size of opaque (full of yolk) eggs collected from fixed ovaries was measured using stereomicroscope with an ocular micrometer with accuracy to 0.005 mm. In total 100 eggs were measured each of 10 females. The histological analysis confirmed that the females were in the pre-spawning period. The relative fecundity (Fr) as the number of eggs per 1 gram of body weight was also counted. All variables were checked for normal distribution. T-student test and Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05) were used to analyze the effect of ploidy level on absolute fecundity and eggs size of diploid and triploid females. Statistical analyses were performer in Statistica 13 for Windows, StatSoft Inc. The average of eggs size ranged from 0.80 to 1.38 mm and from 1.03 to 1.62 mm, respectively for diploid and triploid females. The mean eggs size of triploids (1.29± 0.078) was significantly higher (p<0.05) then of diploid (1.14 ± 0.086) ones. The absolute fecundity was very variable among individuals and ranged from 73196 to 195476 eggs for diploid and from 60853 to 166220 for triploid females. Whereas, Fr ranged from 171 to 318 and from 84 to 171 eggs for diploid and triploid females, respectively. The average Fa of diploid females as 138440 (SE ± 15942.4) was significantly higher (t = - 2.46, df=8.05, p<0.05) in comparison with Fa of triploid females, 93686 eggs (SE ± 8687.2). The presented results revealed that triploid C. gibelio females produce less number but larger eggs than diploid ones.

Acknowledgements

We express our special thanks to the Polish Angling Association in Bialystok and Mr. Andrzej Filinowicz for help in collecting fish and Msc Paweł Orych for help in presented analysis. This study was financed by the National Science Centre decision DEC - 2017/25/N/NZ8/00328 and no. 12.610.006-300 of the UWM in Olsztyn, Poland.

References

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Keywords: Polyploidy, oocytes size, fecundity, Triploids, Diploids

Conference: XVI European Congress of Ichthyology, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Sep - 6 Sep, 2019.

Presentation Type: Poster

Topic: GENETICS, GENOMICS AND PHYSIOLOGY

Citation: Przybyl A, Juchno D, Szabelska A and Boron A (2019). Fecundity of diploid and triploid Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) females. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XVI European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2019.07.00055

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Received: 28 May 2019; Published Online: 14 Aug 2019.

* Correspondence: Ms. Anna Przybyl, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian, 10-718, Poland, anna.przybyl@uwm.edu.pl