Phylogeography and demographic history of Eleotridae fishes from Tropical Eastern Pacific
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1
National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spain
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2
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
The Eleotridae Dormitator and Gobiomorus species represent the amphidromous fauna of the tropical and subtropical coastal environments. The amphidromous fishes move between freshwater habitats to estuarine and even oceanic waters. Their larvae hatch in freshwater, drift downstream river toward the sea and later, in post-larvae stage, return upstream river toward freshwater habitat again, where they live as adult fishes. This kind of fishes have high physiological tolerance that allows them to face a wide salinity variation, which together with their migratory behavior, gives them a high potential for dispersion allowing them to occupy, theoretically, a wide ranges of geographical distribution along broad latitudinal gradients, with few barriers to dispersal. Both genera share a wide range of geographical distribution in the Neotropics. In the Tropical Eastern Pacific each genus is represented by a widely distributed species. Dormitator latifrons is present from the Gulf of California up to Peru, and also has been reported in the Galapagos Islands. Gobiomorus maculatus is distributed from the North of Mexico (Río Yaqui, Sonora) up to Peru, including Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Here we assessed the phylogeographic history of both amphidromous fish species with different tolerance to variation in salinity: D. latifrons with a high resistance to salinity changes, occurring in marine, brackish, and freshwater habitat; and G. maculatus with a low salinity change capacity, occurring in freshwater habitat but with low ability to incoming to brackish habitat. Our aim was to reconstruct the genetic pattern of these co-distributed amphidromous fish species to answer if the genetic pattern was related to salinity tolerance capacities of the fish species. We predicted that D. latifrons, which have a higher tolerance to salinity chances, and consequently, a higher dispersal potential than G. maculatus, would present a lower genetic structure among their populations in comparison with G. maculatus. So, we used molecular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers to investigate the geographic patterns of genetic variation in these two species in order to determine the influence of historical and contemporary factors on the genetic structure of the species. In particular, we aimed to determine the relative role of: (i) Pleistocene glacial cycles and (ii) the geographic barriers that defines the biogeographic provinces of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. We obtained for D. latifrons a molecular dataset of specimens from 52 sampling locations, that included: 151 sequences of cytochrome b (Cytb) gene of 1041bp, with 864 conserved sites, 177 variables sites and 88 parsimony informative sites; 90 sequences of 965pb of Beta actin (β-actin) gene, with 944 conserved sites, 21 variables sites and 13 parsimony informative sites; and 90 sequences of 831pb of Rhodopsin (Rho) gene, with 814 conserved sites, 17 variables sites and 8 parsimony informative sites. The dataset of G. maculatus included: 58 sequences of 923pb of Cytb, with 838 conserved sites, 85 variables sites and 42 parsimony informative sites; 92 sequences of 956pb of β-actin gene with 911 conserved sites, 42 variables sites and 27 parsimony informative sites; and 79 sequences of 831pb of Rho gene, with 820 conserved sites, 11 variables sites and 8 parsimony informative sites, from 35 sampling locations. We performed phylogeographic and demographic analyses and by comparing the results of the genetic variation between the two fish species along the different Tropical Eastern Pacific provinces, we reconstructed an integrated view of how ecological characteristics of species can module the patterns of structure and connectivity of amphidromous fishes. The mtDNA and nDNA haplotype networks of D. latifrons shows a mixture of the haplotypes from all the sampling locations along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, without any geographical structure. On the other hand, the mtDNA haplotype network of G. maculatus also does not show any geographic structure among its populations, however, the nDNA reveals the differentiation of two geographically structured haplogroups, one with the populations of Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador, and another with samples from Costa Rica, Panama and Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands. The preliminary results obtained so far reveal contrasting phylogeographic patterns showed by each species.
Keywords:
Amphidromous fishes,
Biogeographic provinces,
connectivity,
Dispersal potential,
Genetic structure,
Molecular markers
Conference:
XVI European Congress of Ichthyology, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Sep - 6 Sep, 2019.
Presentation Type:
Oral
Topic:
TAXONOMY, PHYLOGENY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Citation:
GALVAN-QUESADA
S,
PIÑEROS
VJ,
DOMINGUEZ-DOMINGUEZ
O and
DOADRIO VILLAREJO
I
(2019). Phylogeography and demographic history of Eleotridae fishes from Tropical Eastern Pacific.
Front. Mar. Sci.
Conference Abstract:
XVI European Congress of Ichthyology.
doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2019.07.00113
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Received:
22 Jul 2019;
Published Online:
14 Aug 2019.
*
Correspondence:
Mx. SESANGARI GALVAN-QUESADA, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Madrid, Spain, galygq@hotmail.com