Effect of diet on growth and development of the jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in laboratory conditions
Inês
M.
Duarte1, 2*,
Sérgio
M.
Leandro1, 2,
Margarida
Ferreira3,
Carlos
C.
Pinto2,
Daniel
F.
Marques1, 2,
Joana
Falcão1,
Paulo
Maranhão2 and
Sónia
C.
Marques1, 4
-
1
Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences (MARE), Portugal
-
2
Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
-
3
Oceanário de Lisboa, Portugal
-
4
Portuguese Institute of Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Portugal
In recent years, interest in jellyfish rearing has increased for many purposes, such as scientific research – considering their major impacts on marine ecosystems and their venom’s properties, and more recently for ornamental aquaculture. Although their crescent value, the maintenance of these delicate organisms requires specific methods and even with the latest technology available, breeding most of jellyfish species is still a challenge. Studies on the nutritional needs and optimal rearing conditions for jellyfish are still very incipient and require several technical and scientific advances, in order to allow an optimal growth and development of these organisms in captivity.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different diets on the growth and development of adult specimens of jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), an emerging species on the ornamental trade, indigenous to the tropical western Pacific Ocean and considered an invasive species on several coastal waters worldwide. For the experiments, 120 juveniles of P. punctata were cultivated in Kreisel tanks connected in a recirculation water system (one individual system with 3 replicates of 10 specimens for each diet). All diets consisted in the supply, four times a day, of Artemia fransciscana metanauplii enriched with SELCO, with the daily addition of a different supplement for three of the diets. Diet M with a supplement of mashed mussel (Mytilus edulis), Diet H with hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Diet S with soybean (Glycine max). Control diet consisted of exclusive feeding with artemia metanauplii enriched with SELCO, four times a day. The experiments lasted for 62 days.
The results obtained for the growth of all the analyzed individuals revealed higher values of bell diameter for the Diets M, H and S (5.22 ± 2.44 cm, 4.99 ± 2.14 cm and 5.32 ± 2.87 cm, respectively), when compared to the control (3.04 ± 1.91 cm), with statistically significant differences between control and Diets M and H (Kruskal-Wallis, p-value = 0.039; Dunnett’s test, p-value < 0.05), although Diet S shows a relatively higher growth. However, due to the growth similarity for Diets M, H and S in this study, there are no statistically significant differences between the three (p-value > 0.05). When analyzing the growth of bell diameter excluding deformed specimens, the control diet still shows the lowest growth (4.24 ± 2.15 cm), and exhibits statistically significant differences between Diets M, H and S (6.73 ± 2.34 cm, 5.96 ± 1.28 cm and 8.52 ± 2.43 cm, respectively) (ANOVA, p-value = 0.04, Dunnett’s test, p-value < 0.05). Although no significant differences were observed between Diets M, H and S (p-value > 0.05), the differences between the growth with these diets are noticeable. Diet S provides the highest and fastest growth of the bell diameter as well as a more representative morphology of the species in the wild.
These results suggest that this species has the capacity to feed on organic matter of both animal and vegetable sources, which represents an important contribution to the improvement of rearing and nutrition techniques of jellyfish in aquaculture. However, further studies are needed in order to better understand the nutritional needs of most jellyfish, as well as the effect of the diet on their growth and physiological development.
Acknowledgements
Financial support by FCT through project UID/MAR/04292, Jellyfisheries (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016772), the Postdoctoral grants attributed to SC Marques (SFRH/BPD/110400/2015), and the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. The Oceanário de Lisboa is gratefully acknowledged.
Keywords:
Diet,
Growth,
Scyphozoan,
Ornamental aquaculture,
Medusae,
Soy (Glycine max)
Conference:
XX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies (SIEBM XX) , Braga, Portugal, 9 Sep - 12 Sep, 2019.
Presentation Type:
Oral Presentation
Topic:
Fisheries, Aquaculture and Biotechnology
Citation:
Duarte
IM,
Leandro
SM,
Ferreira
M,
Pinto
CC,
Marques
DF,
Falcão
J,
Maranhão
P and
Marques
SC
(2019). Effect of diet on growth and development of the jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in laboratory conditions.
Front. Mar. Sci.
Conference Abstract:
XX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies (SIEBM XX) .
doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2019.08.00184
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Received:
16 May 2019;
Published Online:
27 Sep 2019.
*
Correspondence:
Ms. Inês M Duarte, Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences (MARE), Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal, inesmatosduarte@gmail.com