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The computerized version of the Hong Kong Oxford Cognitive Screen for dementia (HK-OCSd): Estimates of concurrent validity and reliability

Ho Yee, J Kung1, Kate Kuzmina1, Maria Shendyapina1 and Brendan Weekes1, 2*
  • 1 University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
  • 2 School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia

The computerized Hong Kong version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen for dementia (HK-OCSd app) is a cognitive screening tool developed by Humphreys and colleagues at the University of Oxford (see Kong et al., Kuzmina et al., Lam et al.). The study investigated the concurrent validity and the reliability of the HK-OCSd app with participants in a healthy aging Hong Kong sample. Twenty-eight Cantonese-speakers without any neurological health problems were recruited. They performed the HK-OCSd app, the pencil-and-paper Hong Kong version of the HK-OCSd, the Cantonese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (C-MMSE) and the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) with full consent. Study aims and hypotheses The present study has two goals: (1) To establish the concurrent validity and the reliability of the computerized HK-OCSd app; and (2) to compare performance of seniors on the HK-OCSd app and the paper-and-pencil version of the HK-OCSd. The hypothesis is that the HK-OCSd app will produce reliable responses and good convergent validity with the standardized and validated paper version of HK-OCS. Method 28 Cantonese-speaking residents (8 males and 20 females) aged between 55 and 87 years (mean = 65.18; standard deviation = 7.80) recruited from community groups and volunteers from the nearby neigbourhood at the University of Hong Kong. Inclusion criteria included 1) age 55 years or above and 2) no history of neurological disease, speech and language impairment, learning difficulty or mental illness that might affect their performance in the study. Subtests from the pencil and paper version and the app are summarized in Table 1. Results Results from each subtask of the HK-OCSd app were correlated with equivalent subtasks of the pencil and paper version of the HK-OCSd and comparable subtests of the C-MMSE and the HK-MoCA of the relevant cognitive domain for concurrent validity. Intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability was evaluated. Results showed the HK-OCSd app correlated with the HK-OCSd 50% of subtasks. Two subtasks correlated well with C-MMSE and HK-MoCA. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was good to excellent but test-retest reliability was less so. Conclusions The HK-OCSd app and the pencil-and-paper HK-OCSd share eleven subtasks. The fact that so few items showed significant correlations is surprising. However, the lack of correlations for some tasks might be attributable to differences in the modality of presentation. Although the stimuli used in the app are the same as the pencil-and-paper version, the administration of the two versions is not equivalent. In the paper version, stimuli are read by the examiner and participants are asked to tap when they hear any target word. The Attention subtask involves selective attention by reacting to targets (tapping) from a series of stimuli and ignoring non-targets. However, in the app, participants are asked to react to target and non-target words by pressing a button. The cognitive load of the Attention subtask in the pencil-and-paper and app version is therefore not identical. In the pencil and paper version, auditory stimuli are read at a constant speed. The participant needs to tap for a target word before the next word is read. However, for the app, the participant controls presentation of the subsequent stimulus without time limit for participants to respond in the app. In conclusion, the HK-OCSd app could be improved on a number of dimensions to make it a valid and reliable cognitive screening tool.

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References

Kong, A.P-H., Lam, P.H-P., Ho, D.W-L., Lau, J.K. Humphreys, G.W. Riddoch, J. & Weekes, B.S. (2015). The Hong Kong version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (HK-OCS): validation in Cantonese-speakers. Aging, Neuropsychology & Cognition, 1-19.
Kuzmina, E., & Weekes, B.S. (2016). Role of cognitive control in language deficits in different types of aphasia. Aphasiology. doi:10.1080/02687038.2016.1263383
Kuzmina, E.K., Humphreys, G.W., Riddoch, J., Skvortsov, A. & Weekes, B.S. (2017). Preliminary validation study of the Russian Birmingham Cognitive Screen. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, in press.
Lam, P., Kong, A. P. H., Ho, D., Humphreys, G., & Weekes, B. (2014). Cantonese version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS): Validation for stroke survivors in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2014.64.00005

Keywords: Aphasia, Cantonese, Cognitive testing, peace, love

Conference: Academy of Aphasia 55th Annual Meeting , Baltimore, United States, 5 Nov - 7 Nov, 2017.

Presentation Type: poster presentation

Topic: Consider for student award

Citation: Kung H, Kuzmina K, Shendyapina M and Weekes B (2019). The computerized version of the Hong Kong Oxford Cognitive Screen for dementia (HK-OCSd): Estimates of concurrent validity and reliability. Conference Abstract: Academy of Aphasia 55th Annual Meeting . doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.223.00007

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Received: 29 Apr 2017; Published Online: 25 Jan 2019.

* Correspondence: Prof. Brendan Weekes, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China, 481709@frontiersin.org