Impairment of Kanji orthographic input lexicon in a Japanese patient with aphasia: Evidence from both reading aloud and lexical decision tasks
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1
Kumamoto General Hospital (JCHO), Japan
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2
Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan
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3
Imus Itabashi Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan
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4
University of Tsukuba, Japan
In the paradigm of the dual route cascaded model (Coltheart et al. 2001), impairment of the orthographic input lexicon results in low performance in both reading aloud tasks with atypical written words and lexical decision task with PHps (pseudohomophone non-words). However there are no reports of Japanese brain-damaged patients having a deficit of the orthographic input lexicon which have been verified from the results of both tasks. In this report, we introduce a Japanese patient with aphasia who was supposed to have an impairment of the orthographic input lexicon for Kanji processing.
Our case was a 57-year-old right-handed Japanese woman with amnesic aphasia caused by left putaminal hemorrhage. Language assessment started 4 months post-onset and lasted two weeks. We investigated her mild reading disorder using our purpose-built reading tests, which include a reading aloud task with Kanji atypical written words and lexical decision task with Kanji PHps. In these tests, we prepared 224 two-Kanji compound stimuli (96 real words, 64 PHps, and 64 NPHps; nonpseudohomophone nonwords) for both reading aloud and lexical decision tasks. 96 Kanji real words consisted of 2 groups: 64 stimuli constituted a crossed 2×2 design in which the first factor was word frequency and the second factor was reading typicality, and 32 stimuli conditioned by imageability. The Kanji stimuli were presented at the center of a 15-inch monitor with the software DMDX, running on a laptop computer. The patient was required to push the right or left shift key in the lexical decision task, and to speak to a microphone in the reading aloud task.
Regarding the results, the patient could read aloud all the stimuli that were high frequency/typical written words (16/16), high frequency/atypical written words (16/16), and low frequency/typical written words (16/16), in addition to high imageability (16/16) and low imageability stimuli (16/16). In contrast, she showed significantly lower scores for low frequency/atypical written words (11/16), and the 5 errors in this task were all legitimate alternative reading of components (LARC) errors (i.e., “pint” /paint/ → /pint/). In the lexical decision task, her score for the PHps (53/64) was significantly lower than that of the NPHps (62/64) and of the real words (61/64).
In summary, our case manifested a selective low score in the reading aloud task with low frequency/atypical written words, and showed difficulty in the lexical decision task with PHps. Therefore, it is likely that our patient is the first to show that the impairment of Kanji orthographic input lexicon actually exists. In addition, her LARC errors may be indicative that she utilized non-lexical reading route when she could not read the low frequency/atypical words due to a deficit in the orthographic input lexicon.
References
Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001). DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychological review, 108(1), 204-256.
Keywords:
DRC model,
Orthographic input lexicon,
case report,
reading aloud,
lexical decision
Conference:
Academy of Aphasia 57th Annual Meeting, Macau, Macao, SAR China, 27 Oct - 29 Oct, 2019.
Presentation Type:
Poster presentation
Topic:
Not eligible for student award
Citation:
Hashimoto
K,
Sambai
A,
Uema
S and
Uno
A
(2019). Impairment of Kanji orthographic input lexicon in a Japanese patient with aphasia: Evidence from both reading aloud and lexical decision tasks.
Front. Hum. Neurosci.
Conference Abstract:
Academy of Aphasia 57th Annual Meeting.
doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2019.01.00044
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Received:
06 May 2019;
Published Online:
09 Oct 2019.
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Correspondence:
Dr. Kosei Hashimoto, Kumamoto General Hospital (JCHO), Yatsushiro, Japan, kose.hashimoto@gmail.com