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The use of mobile games to refine the diagnosis of dementia

Bruno Bonnechère1*, Mélissa Van Vooren1, Sandra De Breucker1, Olivier Van Hove1, Bart Jansen2, Serge Van Sint Jan1, Véronique Feipel1 and Jean-Chistrophe Bier1
  • 1 Free University of Brussels, Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Belgium
  • 2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

In the past years the number of applications developed to train memory and other cognitive functions has increased [1,2]. In addition to allowing training these applications record a series of parameters when subjects train. However, there are very few studies interested in the clinical relevance of the information collected using these mobile games (MG). The purpose of this study was to determine whether MG could be used to refine the diagnosis of dementia in comparison with conventional clinical tests. A set of 7 short MG were used in this study. Twenty-seven aged control (MMSE > 28) and 29 patients with a MMSE score between 20 and 24 were included. An Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Evaluation-Revised (ACE-R) was performed by trained clinicians before MG evaluations. Logistic regression was applied using MMSE alone and a combination of MMSE with the different MG to classify subjects with and without Cognitive Impairment (CI) (based on ACE-R score with a cut-off of 88 points [3]). Using MMSE only the percentage of correct classification was 87.5% (area under ROC = 0.93). We then applied stepwise regression to select the best combination of MG. The best model was found using the MMSE and only one MG: the percentage of classification was then 92.9% (area under ROC = 0.97). Because the MMSE is included in the ACE-R we did the same regression using the ACE-R score without the MMSE to be sure that the variables are independent. The score is then out of 70 and we used a cut-off of 88% to define subjects with and without CI. Using the MMSE the percentage of correct classification is 82.1% (area under ROC = 0.89). The best model fitted with the stepwise regression is a combination of MMSE and two MG: using this combination the percentage of classification is 94.6% (area under ROC = 0.97). Each of the MG last for one minute and could therefore easily be integrated in the evaluation of elderly with and without CI. This study suggests that MG are clinically-meaningful and could be used to develop scores related to the cognitive status of patients with MMSE superior to 20. Résumé en français: Cette étude a mis en évidence que les données obtenues à l’aide de jeux mobiles développés pour l’entrainement cognitif pourraient être utilisées pour affiner le diagnostic de démence chez les sujets âgés. Sammenvatting in het Nederlands: Deze studie toonde aan dat gegevens verkregen met behulp van mobiele games ontwikkeld voor cognitieve training zouden kunnen worden gebruikt om de diagnose van dementie bij oudere personen verfijnen.

References

1. Knols RH, Swanenburg J, De Bon D, Gennaro F, Wolf M, Krüger B, Bettex D, de Bruin ED. Investigating the Usability and Acute Effects of a Bedside Video Console to Prefrontal Cortical Activity Alterations: A Preclinical Study in Healthy Elderly. Front Syst Neurosci. 2017 ; 11: 85. 2. Toril P, Reales JM, Ballesteros S. Video game training enhances cognition of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Aging. 2014 ; 29(3): 706-16. 3. Bastide L, De Breucker S, Van den Berge M, Fery P, Pepersack T, Bier JC. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised is as effective as the original to detect dementia in a French-speaking population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012; 34(5-6): 337-43.

Keywords: Dementia, cognitive evaluation, Serious game, assessmen, mobile games

Conference: Belgian Brain Congress 2018 — Belgian Brain Council, LIEGE, Belgium, 19 Oct - 19 Oct, 2018.

Presentation Type: e-posters

Topic: NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR NEUROLOGICAL AND MENTAL DISORDERS: SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND VALUE FOR PATIENT-CENTERED CARE

Citation: Bonnechère B, Van Vooren M, De Breucker S, Van Hove O, Jansen B, Van Sint Jan S, Feipel V and Bier J (2019). The use of mobile games to refine the diagnosis of dementia. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Belgian Brain Congress 2018 — Belgian Brain Council. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2018.95.00046

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Received: 17 Aug 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019.

* Correspondence: Mr. Bruno Bonnechère, Free University of Brussels, Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Brussels, Belgium, bruno.bonnechere@uhasselt.be