Phytochemical analysis and augmentation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice model treated with flaxseed oil
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1
Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia
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2
University of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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3
Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia
Background
Lung cancer is a highly invasive and metastatic tumor that causes more than 1.4 million deaths annually. Thus, the current study was aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of flaxseed oil (FSO) in a mice model of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Methods
The total phenol and flavonoid contents in the FSO were determined using Folin–Ciocalteau and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assays. Later on, 30 male Balb/C mice were randomly allotted into 5 experimental groups of 6 animals each. Lung cancer was induced in all groups except group 1 using nitrosamine 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Lung tumour-induced BALB/c mice were fed with either 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight of FSO, or Erlotinib (50 mg/kg body weight). After 28 days, animals were sacrificed, and biochemical analysis was conducted on collected blood samples to detect the changes of white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts. On the other hand, collected lung tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to detect the histopathological abnormalities, whereas immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to observe the biomarkers expression related to cancer and inflammation in the lung tissues.
Results
Using phytochemical analysis, we found that the FSO is rich in tannin and gallic acid, which are the main phenolic compounds in the oil. Regarding the animal study, the FSO significantly (P < 0.05) increased WBC and lymphocyte counts. After IHC staining, we realized that the FSO reduced the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), lung adenocarcinoma biomarker, suppressed the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inflammatory biomarker and enhanced the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene consequently.
Conclusion
We found that the FSO showed promising potential as a complementary therapeutic dietary supplement which was effective in suppressing lung adenocarcinoma.
Keywords:
Antimetastatic,
lung cancer,
Epidermal growth facter receptor,
Antitumor acitivity,
Flaxseed oil
Conference:
International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18)
“Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019.
Presentation Type:
Oral Presentation
Topic:
Cancer
Citation:
Rahman
HS,
Mohammed
HO,
Fattah
H,
Othman
HH,
Amin
KM and
Abdullah
R
(2019). Phytochemical analysis and augmentation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice model treated with flaxseed oil.
Front. Pharmacol.
Conference Abstract:
International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18)
“Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”.
doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00110
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Received:
13 Oct 2018;
Published Online:
17 Jan 2019.
*
Correspondence:
Dr. Heshu S Rahman, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Serdang, Malaysia, heshusr77@gmail.com