Chemical characterization and mathematical modeling of Chitosan-based membranes as Electro Active Polymers
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1
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Centro de Innovacion, Desarrollo y Tecnologia, Mexico
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2
Technical university of Lodz, Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Poland
Functional Biomaterials(FB) are constantly being investigated due to its large scope on several applications, from industrial actuators to several body implants[1][2]. The actual trends on devices based on FB requires the designing and understanding of materials with a higher biocompatibility[1]. There is also needed the study of its behavior and their response to environment in order to avoid failure[1][3].
On the other hand, Chitosan, due to its chemical structure, is considered a biocompatible, bio-adhesive and biodegradable polymer. Their amino and hydroxyl groups can be easily modified by organic reactions[4] or crosslinked, to obtain sophisticated functional membranes, microspheres or beads[5].
The aims of this research are: 1) to demonstrate that Chitosan-based membranes(CbM) when are treated by a chemical process, undergo a change of their configuration when an external stimulus is applied on them. 2) To demonstrate the presence of ionic flow on CbM, and describe it by a common mathematical model, despite of their atomic structure or chemical bonds.
The applied methodology is constituted by four stages: a) Synthesis: a process is stablished to obtain CbM with specific characteristics. b) Ionic Deposition: metallic ions of Pt and Ag are deposited on the surface by the Ion-Exchange method. Na+ and K+ are used as conductive salts[3]
; c) Characterization and Data Analysis: CbM are analyzed to determine their chemical characteristics by FTIR, XRD, and TGA to describe how Molecular Weight (Mw) affects their morphology. Mechanical characteristics are determined by tensile strength and elongation tests[2][4][5]. Electro Active Polymer behavior is determined by measuring the displacement at different voltages (Ionic Conductivity test)[5]. Responses of the material are quantified, and constants are determined and related to physical parameters. d) Mathematical Approach: mathematical modeling is done to quantify the volumetric fraction of ions (Vfi) that are being moved through the membrane, assumed as a change of phase on the material, visually represented as a displacement, δ 
.
Obtained results demonstrate that properties of CbM depend on their morphology, which is affected by Mw, and degree of deacetylation (DDA %)[4][5]. FTIR indicates a high DDA (91.2%). XRD reveal that crystal structure affects mechanical properties; at high crystallinity the tensile strength is longer. TGA indicates a better resistance to higher temperatures as the Mw increases. Also, it is observed, that the Mw is directly proportional to the tensile strength. In addition Conductivity tests reveals a good displacement; δ increases as the applied voltage is higher, best tip δ is found as 17mm at 7V. Mathematically, it’s possible to consider just a expanding surface with a constant frequency and a specific ionic size due to the ionic flow. The equation δ= α ∙ [1+(V/Vc)-Beap]-1 uses a voltage (V), a potential difference (Vc) and two factors dependent on the conductive ions udrf (B, α) to obtain δ. In a first approach, best Vfi value is about 0.80 volumetric fraction at 7V. Best theoretical δ value is found at 29.6mm.
Characterization and data analysis presents the characteristics that affects the morphology and behaviour of the samples. Mathematical Modeling describes the inner phenomena on the samples. These results propose that CbM can be suitable for using it in applications where bio-actuators are needed.
Special thanks to the Laboratory of Materials, Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, and to the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, at Lodz University of Technology (TUL), Poland. To the Rector of TUL Prof. Dr Hab. Inż. Stanisław Bielecki, to Dean Prof. Dr Hab. Inż. Izabella Krucińska, Prof Dr. Hab. Inż Dawid Stawski, Prof Dr. Hab. Inż Zbigniew Draczyński, to Dean Professor Dr. Hab. Inż Maria Koziołkiewicz, and Prof. Dr Hab. Inż. Edyta Gendasewska-Darmach, for their help, facilities and guidance to reach the objectives of this research.
References:
[1] I. Yahya, S. Su Ryon, S. Kwang Min, Y. Seong Gil, S. Kiwon, S. Kim and K. Seon Jeong, "Electrochemical actuation in chitosan/polyaniline microfibers for artificial muscles fabricated using an in situ polymerization," Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 129, pp. 834-840, 2008.
[2] B. Cholwasa, A. Duangdao and K. Srikulkit, "Preparation and properties evaluation of chitosan-coated cassava starch films," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 63, pp. 61-67, 2006.
[3] J. F. Guzman, J. Cortes, A. Fuentes, T. Kobayashi and Y. Hoshina, "Modeling the Displacement in Three Layer Electroactive Polymer Using Different counter-Ions by a Phase Transformation Approach," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 112, pp. 3284-3293, 2009.
[4] I. Younes, O. Ghorble-Bellaj, R. Nasari, M. Chaabouni, M. Rinaudo and M. Nasari, "Chitin and Chitosan preparation from shrimp shells using optimized enzymatic deproteinization," Process Biochemistry, vol. 47, pp. 2032-2039, 2012.
[5] S. Moe, T. Khaing, T. Zin Han and H. Myat Mon, "Effects of Chitosan films on wound healing and evaluation of their properties," in International Conference on sustainable Development: Issues and Prospects for the GMS, 2008.
Keywords:
biomaterial,
electric,
material design
Conference:
10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016.
Presentation Type:
Poster
Topic:
Surface and interfacial characterization
Citation:
Jimenez-Garcia
V and
Cortes
JA
(2016). Chemical characterization and mathematical modeling of Chitosan-based membranes as Electro Active Polymers.
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Conference Abstract:
10th World Biomaterials Congress.
doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.02998
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Received:
28 Mar 2016;
Published Online:
30 Mar 2016.