Event Abstract

Coating and surface treatments enhance scaffold degradation

  • 1 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) , Malaysia
  • 2 Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering , Malaysia

In biomedical engineering research, hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in bone implantation as biomedical implant due to its similarity in chemical composition with human bone [1,2]. However, due to high brittleness, other materials such as beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) is used with HA which can enhance the load bearing properties of the implants, thus give more support for the re-generated bone tissues[3,4]. Other than that, poly(lactic) acid (PLA) also has been used as biomedical device because its biocompatibility, biodegradation and excellent thermal and mechanical properties[5,6]. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate degradation behaviour among different materials, which were HA, beta-TCP, composite of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HATCP) and PLA. In this study, HA was coated with different concentration of alginate (uncoated, 1% alginate, 3% alginate and 5% alginate), beta-TCP with different surface treatment and coating (untreated and uncoated, 2% alginate, 4% alginate, 6% alginate, uncoated silane-surface treated, and silane- treated with 2% alginate), PLA microsphere with different surface treatment with NaOH (0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.3 M, and 0.5 M) as well as HATCP composite (20:80 and 70:30 ratios) were tested for the calcium release profile during degradation assay. The calcium can serve as a platform for osteoblast and osteoclasts homing and attachment during the bone regeneration process. During degradation assay, all samples were immersed in 1X phosphate buffered saline solution. The samples then were left incubated in humidified CO2 incubator at 37°C for 21 days. At the end of the assay, each samples’ immersion was tested for the calcium content by using Calcium Colorimetric Assay kit (Sigma). In this assay, 90 µL of the Chromogenic Reagent was added into each samples-containing well and mixed gently. After that, 60 µL of Calcium Assay Buffer was added and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature in the dark. The reading was measured at 575 nm (A575). The concentration of the calcium in each samples were calculated using equation: Sa/Sv = C; where Sa is the amount of calcium in unknown samples; Sv is the sample volume added into the wells and C is the concentration of calcium in the samples. The result (Fig. 1) showed that silane-treated beta-TCP (s-bTCP) coated with 2% alginate released highest calcium, followed by HAp coated with 1% alginate, silane-treated uncoated, other HA samples (uncoated and coated with 3% and 5% alginate), and HATCP composites; both ratios. However, PLA microspheres release lowest calcium content. The differences in term of the concentration of calcium in samples reflect the degradation rate of each sample. The higher the calcium content, the higher the degradation rate of the samples. The slight differences of the calcium released by HAp, bTCP (without silane treatment) as well as HATCP composites might be due to the similarity of the elements, which all were ceramics based materials. As for PLA, the materials will be fully degraded inside the body after two years of implantation date. Other than that, the surface modification process (silane treatment) and surface coating (different percentage of alginate coating) also affects the rate of degradation of the samples. These findings suggest that the degradation of the samples is dependent on the materials of the scaffold. The finding was also suggested that surface treatment and coating onto the scaffolds enhanced the degradation rate of the materials.

Figure 1

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express gratitude towards Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for providing the excellent facilities and Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) for the Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS), 203/CIPPT/6761002 in funding this research.

Keywords: composite, 3D scaffolds, Calcium content, Degradation assay, Calcium

Conference: 6th Malaysian Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting (6th MTERMS) 2016 and 2nd Malaysian Stem Cell Meeting, Seberang Jaya, Penang, Malaysia, 17 Nov - 18 Nov, 2016.

Presentation Type: Poster

Topic: Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration

Citation: Kamalaldin NA, Mohd Sabee MS, Darus F, Jaafar M, Ahmad N, Hamid ZA and Yahaya BH (2016). Coating and surface treatments enhance scaffold degradation. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 6th Malaysian Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting (6th MTERMS) 2016 and 2nd Malaysian Stem Cell Meeting. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.02.00013

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Received: 08 Dec 2016; Published Online: 19 Dec 2016.

* Correspondence: Dr. Badrul H Yahaya, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia, badrul@usm.my