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The reasons for successful spreading of the fishes from the genus Carassius

Lukáš Kalous1*, Kateřina Rylková1 and Miloslav Petrtýl1
  • 1 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czechia

Freshwater fishes of the genus Carassius are widespread throughout home Eurasia but also other continents (Kottelat and Feryhof, 2007). They represent important aquaculture fishes and include the world's most important pet fish, the goldfish (Rylková et al., 2010). On the other hand they are also the most successful invasive pests with a considerable ecological impact at many places (Ribeiro et al., 2015; Copp et al., 2005). High similarities in morphological taxa definitions and occurrence of species complexes have brought lot of confusion in their taxonomy, biogeography and introduction history (Kalous et al., 2012). We present a historical overview and outline past and present reasons that have led to their successful spreading. Our findings are based on phylogenetic, historical and social-economic data. Europe is inhabited by at least five mtDNA lineages of the genus Carassius, which correspond to four taxa and one undescribed species. In Europe there occur: Carassius carassius, feral populations of Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio, Carassius langsdorfii and Carassius sp.. C. auratus and C. langsdorfii are not native to Europe C. carassius is native to Eastern, Central and Northern Europe (Kalous et al., 2012). The populations of C. gibelio in Eastern and Central Europe should be considered a result of natural postglacial range expansion but the whole Europe was also colonized by introduced Carassius biotypes of various genome combinations from East Asia in the 20th century (Rylková et al., 2013). The spreading of non-native fishes of the genus Carassius has been caused mainly by human activities comprising pet trade, aquaculture and recreational fisheries (Kalous et al., 2013; Kalous et al., 2015).

Acknowledgements

The study was supported by CIGA Project No. 20152007 of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.

References

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Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. and Petrtýl, M. (2012). Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw., 23:1, 11-18.

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Kalous, L., Musil, J., Petrtýl, M., Vajglová, T., Romočuský, Š. and Bušta, L. (2013). The danger in the anglers’ bucket: qualitative and quantitative insight into bait fish market in Prague (Czech Republic). Acta Soc Zool Bohem, 77, 27-35.

Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes: Cornol: Publications Kottelat.

Ribeiro, F., Rylková, K., Moreno-Valcárcel, R., Carrapato, C., & Kalous, L. (2015). Prussian carp Carassius gibelio: a silent invader arriving to the Iberian Peninsula. Aquat Ecol, 49:1, doi: 10.1007/s10452-015-9508-5

Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Lamatsch, D. K. and Petrtýl, M. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeographic history of the cyprinid fish genus Carassius (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) with focus on natural and anthropogenic arrivals in Europe. Aquaculture, 380, doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.11.027

Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. and Bohlen, J. (2010). Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302:1, doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.003

Keywords: freshwater, Fishes, invasive species, phylogenetics, nomenclature, Taxonomy, Recreational fisheries, Aquaculture

Conference: XV European Congress of Ichthyology, Porto, Portugal, 7 Sep - 11 Sep, 2015.

Presentation Type: Oral Presentation

Topic: Ecology, Conservation and Invasive Species

Citation: Kalous L, Rylková K and Petrtýl M (2015). The reasons for successful spreading of the fishes from the genus Carassius. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XV European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2015.03.00052

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Received: 10 Nov 2015; Published Online: 10 Nov 2015.

* Correspondence: PhD. Lukáš Kalous, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Pargue, 16521, Czechia, kalous@af.czu.cz