Investigating Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) as Designer Inorganic Vaccine Adjuvants
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1
University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Department, United Kingdom
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2
University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, United Kingdom
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3
University College London, Department of Pharmacology, United Kingdom
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4
University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, United Kingdom
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5
University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, United Kingdom
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6
University of Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Belgium
Despite its extensive use for decades, the vaccine adjuvant ‘alum’ consists of a heterogeneous mixture of poorly characterised compounds and has a limited ability to promote cellular (Th1-type) immune responses. The application of solid-state inorganic chemistry could lead to many potential new metal-based particulate adjuvants; layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are chemically homogeneous, crystalline materials that can be synthesised in a variety of chemical compositions and particle sizes. Previously, we found that LDHs of different chemical compositions can stimulate human dendritic cell (DC) responses in vitro and mouse antigen-specific antibody responses in vivo, and that some responses were significantly different from those induced by alum. Statistical analysis revealed direct correlations between the chemical and physical properties of the LDH and the immune response elicited, allowing accurate prediction of the immune response based on the material’s properties. We have now synthesised LDHs of different chemical compositions with controlled particle sizes in the range 10 nm to 10 μm and tested their capacity to stimulate DCs. For a given chemical composition, we find that the particle size markedly alters the ability of the LDH to stimulate DC maturation, assessed using a variety of markers including co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine secretion. Our findings demonstrate that immunity can be driven purely by chemistry, and open the possibility of rational manipulation of immunity for therapeutic purposes.
Keywords:
adjuvant,
alum,
dendritic cell,
Layered double hydroxide,
LDH
Conference:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013.
Presentation Type:
Abstract
Topic:
Translational immunology and immune intervention
Citation:
Buckley
H,
Preston
S,
Williams
G,
Rysnik
O,
Lunn
D,
Lambrecht
B,
Austyn
J and
O'Hare
D
(2013). Investigating Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) as Designer Inorganic Vaccine Adjuvants.
Front. Immunol.
Conference Abstract:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI).
doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00368
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Received:
20 Mar 2013;
Published Online:
22 Aug 2013.
*
Correspondence:
Miss. Hannah Buckley, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Oxford, OX13QR, United Kingdom, hannah.buckley@chem.ox.ac.uk