Cigarette smoke modulates the oral epithelial cell innate immunity
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1
Laval University, Dental Faculty, Canada
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2
Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, Saudi Arabia
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3
Centre de recherche de l’institut universitaire, département de médecine, Canada
The gingival epithelium is becoming known as a regulator of the oral innate immune responses to a variety of insults such as bacteria and chemicals, including those chemicals found in cigarette smoke. Epithelial cells play an important role in the tissue innate immunity by specifically expressing certain receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are involved in host immune response. Oral epithelial cells are most cells targeted by tobacco smoke. This may lead to innate immunity dysregulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on expression/production of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), antimicrobial peptides, and proinflammatory cytokine expression in primary human gingival epithelial cells. Following exposure to whole cigarette smoke there was an increase of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 expression. Cigarette smoke led to ERK1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation in conjunction with nuclear factor-B (NFB) translocation into the nucleus. TLR expression following cigarette smoke exposure was down regulated by the use of ERK1/2, p38, JNK MAP kinases, and NFB inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of these signaling pathways in the cellular response against cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke also promoted HBD2, HBD3, IL-1 and IL-6 expression through the ERK1/2 and NFB pathways. Interestingly, the modulation of TLR, HBD, and cytokine expression was maintained long after the gingival epithelial cells were exposed to smoke. By promoting TLR, HBDs, and proinflammatory cytokine expression, cigarette smoke may contribute to innate immunity dysregulation, which may have a negative effect on human health. (Funded by the NSERC, Canada, Fonds Emile-Beaulieu, U. Laval).
Keywords:
cigarette smoke,
TLRs,
Epithelial Cells,
Cancer,
Oral
Conference:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013.
Presentation Type:
Abstract
Topic:
Innate immunity
Citation:
Rouabhia
M,
Semlali
A,
Chmielewski
W,
Alanazi
M and
Chakir
J
(2013). Cigarette smoke modulates the oral epithelial cell innate immunity.
Front. Immunol.
Conference Abstract:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI).
doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00396
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Received:
14 Mar 2013;
Published Online:
22 Aug 2013.
*
Correspondence:
Dr. Mahmoud Rouabhia, Laval University, Dental Faculty, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada, mahmoud.rouabhia@fmd.ulaval.ca