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Induction of microvascular leakage and histamine release by Androctonus australis hector venom

Imène Chaïr-Yousfi1, Fatima Laraba-Djebari1* and Djelila Hammoudi-Triki1
  • 1 University, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Algeria

Introduction: Lung injury and respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent complication observed in victims of Androctonus australis hector (Aah) scorpion envenomation. The uncontrolled transmigration of leukocyte cells into the lung interstitium and alveolar space and pulmonary edema may be the cause of death. The purpose of the present study was to determine involvement of mast cells to induce pulmonary edema and to increase vascular permeability after scorpion envenomation. Material and methods: To elucidate the role of mast cells, mice were pretreated with Compound 48/80 (mast cell depleting agent) for 4 days, and a sublethal dose of Aah venom was injected subcutaneously on the fifth day. The ability of Aah scorpion venom to increase vascular permeability and to induce oedema was also demonstrated by Evans blue dye (EBD) technique. Evans blue (20 mg/kg) was injected into the tail vein just prior to the administration of Aah venom or vehicle (saline). Changes in vascular permeability were assessed by measuring the amount of EBD extravasation in the bronchoalveolar lavage and in the lung after 2, 4, 6 and 24h. Results: Obtained results demonstrate an important role of mast cells in the development of lung edema, the augmentation of pulmonary water content, the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the increase of cellular peroxidase activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs of mice following venom administration. Histological analysis of lungs revealed the presence of edema and leukocyte cells recruitment. On the other hand, the results showed that Aah venom induced evident inflammation including plasma extravasation, infiltration of leukocytes and oxidative stress. Edema and vascular permeability increase were maximal within 4 hours and had restored after 24 hours. Conclusion: Depletion by stimuli non-immunological C48/80 component markedly reduced induced inflammatory response following the venom administration. The mast cells seem to play an important role in the development lung injury, and an increase of vascular permeability in mice following the subcutaneous administration of Aah scorpion venom.

References

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Keywords: Androctonus australis hector Venom, Compound 48/80, inflammatory mediators, Lung, Mast Cells, Plasma extravasation, Pulmonary water content

Conference: The First International Congress of Immunology and Molecular Immunopathology (CIMIP2014), Tlemcen, Algeria, 17 Oct - 20 Oct, 2014.

Presentation Type: Poster Presentation

Topic: Immunity – Nutrition – Cancer

Citation: Chaïr-Yousfi I, Laraba-Djebari F and Hammoudi-Triki D (2014). Induction of microvascular leakage and histamine release by Androctonus australis hector venom. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: The First International Congress of Immunology and Molecular Immunopathology (CIMIP2014). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2014.04.00018

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Received: 18 Sep 2014; Published Online: 01 Dec 2014.

* Correspondence: Prof. Fatima Laraba-Djebari, University, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beb Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria, flaraba@usthb.dz