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Macaque Brainnetome Atlas Constructed with Anatomical Connectivity Profiles

Jiaojian Wang1, Xudong Zhao2, Sangma Xie3, Yuanye Ma4 and Tianzi Jiang5*
  • 1 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
  • 2 Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
  • 3 Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
  • 4 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
  • 5 Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Brainnetome Center, China

Introduction: Macaque model has been widely used to investigate the brain mechanism of specific cognitive functions and psychiatry disorder. However, because of lack of detailed functional architecture map for macaque, the present studies on macaque progress very slowly. Although many previous studies have established the cortical subdivisions based on post-mortem cytoarchitectonic technique (Carman, et al., 1995; Lewis and Van Essen, 2000), the intrinsic limitations of this method made this type of parcellation cannot inform the functional segregation which was considered to be determined by its external anatomical connectivity patterns (Passingham, et al., 2002; Wang, et al., 2015a; Wang, et al., 2012b; Wang, et al., 2015b). In this study, we aimed to construct a new macaque cortex atlas based on its anatomical connectivity profiles based on diffusion MRI in vivo. The newly constructed macaque cortex atlas is called macaque brainnetome atlas. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four anesthetic macaques were scanned using Siemens 3.0 Tesla magnet. The DTI data include 65 non-collinear volume, 1 non-diffusion-weighted images (b = 0 s/mm2), voxel-dimensions of 1.5×1.5×1.65 mm3 with gradients b = 1000 s/mm2. In addition, Sagittal 3D T1-weighted images were also acquired with 224 sagittal slices, slice thickness = 0.5 mm. DTI data was preprocessed using the FSL package and voxelwise estimates of the fiber orientation distribution were calculated (Behrens, et al., 2007). The macaque cortex seed areas were defined using NeuroMaps atlas which identified rough subdivisions of macaque cortex (Rohlfing, et al., 2012). After obtained the cortex seed areas, we transformed the seed areas’ masks to individual diffusion space for fiber tracking. Subsequently, the connectivity matrix and cross-correlation matrix are calculated. Cross-correlation matrix was fed into the spectral clustering (Wang, et al., 2012a) to segmentation to define different clusters. Finally, the maximum probability map (MPM) of each cortex area was calculated (detailed procedures seed Wang, et al., 2012 for human inferior parietal lobule parcellation). Results: The macaque cortex was parcellated into 160 subregions in both hemispheres and each hemisphere contained 80 subregions. The subregions in both hemispheres were approximately symmetrical arrangement. In each hemisphere, we identified 14 subregions in frontal cortex, 9 subregions in sensorimotor cortex, 13 subregions in parietal cortex, 16 subregions in temporal cortex, 16 subregions in occipital cortex, and 12 subregions in limbic system (only including insula and cingulate cortex) (Figure 1). In the new atlas, we found three main characters: 1), the constructed macaque cortex atlas showed similar but more fine-grained subdivisions compared with cytoarchitectonic findings (Figure 2A). 2), the connectomical macaque atlas showed similar topographical patterns with human cortex subdivisions in some areas (for example superior parietal lobule in Figure 2B). 3), the new macaque cortex atlas identified different topographical organization in some brain areas compared with human cortical connectomical atlas (for example left inferior parietal lobule in Figure 2C). Conclusion: Macaque brainnetome atlas provided detailed functional organizations for macaque cortical areas to better characterize its functions. It may facilitate the future study of macaque cortex network and provided cues to study the evolution between human and non-human primates.

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Figure 2
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References

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Keywords: macaque cortex, Atlas, parcellation, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Connectivity pattern

Conference: Neuroinformatics 2015, Cairns, Australia, 20 Aug - 22 Aug, 2015.

Presentation Type: Poster, not to be considered for oral presentation

Topic: Digital atlasing

Citation: Wang J, Zhao X, Xie S, Ma Y and Jiang T (2015). Macaque Brainnetome Atlas Constructed with Anatomical Connectivity Profiles. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Neuroinformatics 2015. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2015.91.00008

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Received: 28 May 2015; Published Online: 05 Aug 2015.

* Correspondence: Prof. Tianzi Jiang, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Brainnetome Center, Beijing, 100190, China, jiangtz@nlpr.ia.ac.cn