Brain Dynamics: A Narrative View with Concepts of Heraclites, Bergson, Berger, Heisenberg, Hebb and Hayek
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1
Kultur University Istanbul, Türkiye
Heraclites of Ephesus (ca. 535–475 BC) who believed that the cosmos is in a ceaseless state of flux and motion, fire being the fundamental material that accounts for all change and motion in the world was a native on the coast of Asia Minor. Nothing in the world ever stays the same, hence the saying ‘one cannot step in the same river twice’. In order to quantify the ancient concept of dynamics René Descartes and Isaac Newton developed a theory of “Deterministic Dynamics”. Werner Heisenberg introduced the uncertainty principle and extended the view of dynamics to a “Probabilistic Dynamics”. Friedrich von Hayek’s theory of psychology is based also on dynamic changes in the brain which is in a ceaseless state of electrical activity. Hebb’s theory in accordance introduces the synergy between neurons and in neural populations. Studies related to brain oscillations pervade the neuroscience literature. Functional correlates of oscillations in the delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency windows are interpreted in several ways. However, only a small number of reports indicate the need for overall interpretations by integrating all type of results. The present essay emphasizes the importance of developing a common overview by considering links to functional correlates of oscillatory dynamics in the autonomous system, which shows ultraslow oscillations in all types of smooth muscles and in the organs as the heart, kidney, stomach, uterus etc. By integrating oscillations in all EEG frequency windows, together with oscillations in the spinal cord and the autonomous system, a Gedanken-model denoted as “globally coupled oscillators” of brain-body-mind integration is proposed in order to gain new insights in the dynamics of neural systems , . This model may be also useful in clinical drug applications: Transmitters have often opposite effects in upper and lower parts in the organs of the vegetative system. This model bridges the views of Hebb, Hayek, Heisenberg and Bergson and proposes a holistic approach to brain-body- mind processes.
References
1. Erol Basar: Memory and Brain Dynamics (2004, CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York)
2. E. Basar: Oscillations in “brain-body-mind: A holistic view including the autonomous system. Brain Research (2008 in press)
Conference:
10th International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience, Bodrum, Türkiye, 1 Sep - 5 Sep, 2008.
Presentation Type:
Oral Presentation
Topic:
Keynote Lectures
Citation:
Basar
E
(2008). Brain Dynamics: A Narrative View with Concepts of Heraclites, Bergson, Berger, Heisenberg, Hebb and Hayek.
Conference Abstract:
10th International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience.
doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.01.001
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Received:
26 Nov 2008;
Published Online:
26 Nov 2008.
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Correspondence:
Erol Basar, Kultur University Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye, ebasar@iku.edu.tr