Dumping influence of sewagein populations of Patella ferruginea Gmeling, 1791 in Isabel II Island (Chafarinas)
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1
Universidad de Granada, Spain
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2
Ciudad autónoma de Melilla, Spain
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3
Sanidad, Spain
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4
Medio Ambiente Melilla, Spain
Chafarinas Islands, National Hunting Shelter since 1982, ZEPA since 1989 and ZEC since 2016, take the best Spanish populations of the protected Patella ferruginea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) species in. Breeding populations that the last censuses estimate at more than 60000 adult species. Currently, the only permanently inhabited island by several tens of soldiers is Isabel II, where how sewage is dumped into the sea can be seen, next to Muelle Chico, in a place with good populations of Patella ferruginea.
Since July 2013 the affected area has been monitored, with population censuses and data collection of diverse aspects of its biology (recruitment, growth, morphology of the shell, presence of phoresy, food…) and ecology, especially of the biological communities, clearly bioindicators, in which it fits into.
Bearing in mind the results, it is remarkable the non-existence of effect of the sewage in the demography of Patella ferruginea. The survival rate in adults has been 100% in these years, the same as in the small crusts of Dendropoma petraeum, another protected species, which cover certain rocks close to the discharges. The same can be said about the recruitments, which have not been affected.
In August 2013, with the construction of the new breakwater and the vertical dike of the new Muelle Chico, at about 60 linear meters from the place of the emissions, the results of the observations improved, mainlyas far as growth and sexual maturity are concerned. They are data totally different from those presented in the previous bibliography consulted, which we associate in Patella ferruginea and in this atmosphere with a special kind of algal food with a big component, together with diatoms and Cyanophyceae, of filamentous Ulvales (Rhizoclonium tortuosum, Cladophora sericea, Blidingia marginata…), which corresponds to pioneering stages of the ecologic succession that settle, with degraded waters, on virgin surfaces. Once finished those first stages of succession, first year or year and a half, the new rock is colonized by a higher diversity, which includes fouling algae as Ralfsia verrucosa and other ramified algae (Corallinaceae, Dictyotaceae…), and the growths return to normal.
Keywords:
Sewage,
Water,
Chafarinas,
Patella,
ferruginea
Conference:
XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies, Porto, Portugal, 5 Sep - 9 Sep, 2016.
Presentation Type:
Poster Presentation
Topic:
1. ECOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY AND VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEMS
Citation:
Juan Antonio
GG,
Pedro
PR,
Isidoro
BD and
Paola
CL
(2016). Dumping influence of sewagein populations of Patella ferruginea Gmeling, 1791 in Isabel II Island (Chafarinas).
Front. Mar. Sci.
Conference Abstract:
XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies.
doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.05.00153
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Received:
28 Apr 2016;
Published Online:
03 Sep 2016.
*
Correspondence:
Dr. González G Juan Antonio, Universidad de Granada, Melilla, Spain, jagg@ugr.es