We are grateful to the Kanagawa local government office for its cooperation in building the raccoon retrieval system, and the Yokosuka city and Hayama town offices for providing captured raccoons. We also thank the members of the Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University for their assistance with analyses.
Asano, M., Matoba, Y., Ikeda, T., Suzuki, M., Asakawa, M. and Ohtaishi, N. (2003) Reproductive characteristics of the feral raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 65: 369-373.
Gehrt, S. D. (2003) Raccoons Procyon lotor and allies. pp. 611-634. In: Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation. 2nd ed. (G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman, eds.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
Grau, C. A., Sanderson, G. C. and Rogers, J. P. (1970) Age determination of raccoons. Journal of Wildlife Management 34: 364-372.
Horimoto, T., Maeda, K., Murakami, S., Kiso, M., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Sashika, M., Ito, T., Suzuki, K., Yokoyama, M. and Kawaoka, Y. (2011) Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in feral raccoons, Japan. Emerging Infectious Disease 17: 714-717.
Ikeda, T., Asano, M., Matoba, Y. and Abe, G. (2004) Present status of invasive alien raccoon and its impact in Japan. Global Environmental Research 8: 125-131.
Japan Veterinary Medical Association. (2007) Guidelines for the management of invasive alien species. The wildlife committee report (Division of small animal medicine in JVMA) (in Japanese).
Junge, R. E. and Hoffmeister, D. F. (1980) Age determination in raccoons from cranial suture obliteration. Journal of Wildlife Management 44: 725-729.
Junge, R. E. and Sanderson, G. C. (1982) Age related reproductive success of female raccoons. Journal of Wildlife Management 46: 527-529.
Kato, T., Ichida, Y., Tei, K., Asano, M. and Hayama, S. (2009) Reproductive characteristics of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured by the pest control in Kamakura, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71: 1473-1478.
Kato, T., Uno, T., Fujioka, Y., and Hayama, S. (2012) Indices using external measurements for assessing fat deposition of adult feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74: 181-188.
Lee, K., Iwata, T., Nakadai, A., Kato, T., Hayama, S., Taniguchi, T. and Hayashidani, H. (2010) Prevalance of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan. Zoonoses Public Health 58: 424-431.
Montgomery, G. C. (1964) Tooth eruption in preweaned raccoons. Journal of Wildlife Management 28: 582-584.
Nakamura, K. (1991) A note on the naturalization of common raccoon in Kanagawa Prefecture. Natural History Report of Kanagawa 12: 17-19 (in Japanese).
Prange, S., Gehrt, S. D. and Wiggers, E. P. (2003). Demographic factors contributing to high raccoon densities in urban landscapes. Journal of wildlife management 67: 324-333.
Roy Nielsen, C. L. and Nielsen, C. K. (2007) Multiple paternity and relatedness in southern Illinois raccoons (Procyon lotor). Journal of Mammalogy 88: 441-447.
Sato, H. and Suzuki, K. (2006) Gastrointestinal helminths of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 68: 311-318.