ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF PALM TOCOTRIENOL FRACTIONS IN ARTHRITIS
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1
Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysia
Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease that results in destruction of the articular cartilage. In the present study, palm tocotrienol fractions from palm oil have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effect and provided a potential new nutrient for reducing arthritis. Models systems derived from bovine joint tissue were used in order to examine the proposed link between palm tocotrienol fractions and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis. Interleukin-1 (IL-1α) not only stimulated chondrocytes and synthesized cartilage matrix-degrading proteinases. It also regulates matrix protein synthesis, inflammatory markers and cell proliferation. Chondrocytes isolated from the knee articular bovine cartilages were treated with or without tocotrienol fractions. The actions of palm tocotrienol fractions were monitored by examining mRNA and protein levels of cytokines (COX-2, IL-B, IL-6), metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase enzyme (TIMPs) by qPCR, ELISA and GAG analysis. Analysis results demonstrated that gamma and delta-tocotrienols strongly inhibit inflammatory response, with the previous being the more effective to treat osteoarthritis. The results of this study revealed that the use of palm tocotrienols significantly down regulated the production of COX-2, IL-β, IL-6 and MMP-3 in arthritis. In addition, palm tocotrienol fractions induced TIMPs that produce anti-inflammatory effect to block inflammation directly in arthritis. These findings show that palm tocotrienol fractions may be of potential therapeutic value in regulating the joint destruction in arthritis.
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board under project PD 104/07.
References
1) S. Hurst, Z. Zainal, B. Caterson, C.E. Hughes, J.L. Harwood (2009). Dietary fatty acids and arthritis. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. Book chapter. Edited by Philip Calder.
2) Z. Zainal, A. Longman, S. Hurst, K. Duggan, B. Caterson, C. Hughes, J. Harwood (2009). Relative efficacies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing expression of key proteins in a model system for studying osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Volume 17 (7): 896-905.
3) Z. Zainal, A.J. Longman, S.Hurst, B. Caterson, C. Hughes, J. Harwood (2009). Modification of palm oil for anti-inflammatory nutraceutical properties. Lipids 44: 581 -592.
Keywords:
Palm tocotrienol,
Arthritis,
Cytokines,
metaloproteinase enzymes,
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
Conference:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013.
Presentation Type:
Abstract
Topic:
Translational immunology and immune intervention
Citation:
Zainal
Z,
Abdul Hafid
S and
Shahrin
Z
(2013). ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF PALM TOCOTRIENOL FRACTIONS IN ARTHRITIS.
Front. Immunol.
Conference Abstract:
15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI).
doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01198
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Received:
16 Jul 2013;
Published Online:
22 Aug 2013.
*
Correspondence:
Dr. Zaida Zainal, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia, zaida@mpob.gov.my