Editorial: Microbe Decoration and Biofabrication for Drug Delivery Provisionally Accepted

Hou Weiliang^1* Zunzhen Ming¹ Sisi Lin² Xue Li³ Feng Wu²

• ¹Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, China
• ²Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
• ³Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore

surface-associated immunogenicity and dose-dependent virulence and limited efficacy restrict the further development and clinical translation of bacteria-based therapies. To tackle the above issues, various surface decoration strategies derived from physical, chemical, and biological means have been proposed for microbes and their derivatives, which realize the high-efficient combination between bacteria and diverse materials, such as contrast agents, anticancer drugs, nanoparticles and polymers. These organic/inorganic or biotic/abiotic hybrid systems circumvent the inadequacies and amplify the advantages of bacteria-based biotherapies, which will gain satisfactory outcomes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Liu et al. designed a facile and efficient encapsulation of single cells relying on the massive and controllable production of droplets and collagen-alginate microgels using a microfluidic device. High monodispersity and geometric homogeneity of both droplet and microgel generation were experimentally demonstrated based on the wellinvestigated microfluidic fabricating procedure. The reliability of the microfluidic platform for controllable, highthroughput, and improved single-cell encapsulation in monodisperse droplets and microgels was also confirmed. A single-cell encapsulation rate of up to 33.6% was achieved based on the established microfluidic operation. The introduction of stromal material in droplets/microgels for encapsulation provided single cells an in vivo simulated microenvironment. The single-cell operation achievement offers a methodological approach for developing simple and miniaturized devices to perform single-cell manipulation and analysis in a high-throughput and microenvironment-biomimetic manner.Almuhayawi et al. used drop collapse, emulsification activity, and oil displacement assays to screen Halophilic bacteria from the Red Sea solar saltern in Egypt for producing biosurfactants and emulsifiers. Halobacterium jilantaiense strain JBS1 was the most effective strain of the Halobacteriaceae family. It had the best oil displacement test and emulsification activity against kerosene and crude oil, respectively. Among the ten isolates, it produced the most promising biosurfactant, also recognized by the GC-MASS library. This study evaluated biosurfactants from halophilic bacteria as potential antiviral drugs. Some of the computer methods we use are molecular docking, ADMET, and molecular dynamics. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics make the best complexes with 5VZ6 HIV-RT and flavone (C25) and 5wz3 ZV-RdRP and ethyl cholate (C8) Testing for ADMET toxicity on the complex revealed that it is the safest medicine conceivable. The 5VZ6-C25 and 5wz3-C8 complexes also followed the Lipinski rule.Finally, extreme settings require particular adaptations for stability, and extremophile biosurfactants may be more stable.Bacterial cellulose (BC) is generated by certain species of bacteria and comprises polysaccharides with unique physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics. To extend its applications in drug delivery, modifications of native bacterial cellulose are widely used to improve its properties. Liang al. presented a brief introduction to bacterial cellulose and its production and fabrication, followed by up-to-date and in-depth discussions of modification.The use of live bacteria, engineered bacteria, or bacterial derivatives to deliver antitumor drugs to specific tumor sites for controlled release has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool. Ongoing research in this field holds great potential for further developing more efficient and personalized cancer therapies, such as E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and bacterial derivatives like outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which can serve as vehicles for drugs, therapeutic proteins, or antigens. Song et al.