AUTHOR=Yu Zhenfeng , Eich Christina , Cruz Luis J. TITLE=Recent Advances in Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles for NIR-II Imaging and Cancer Theranostics JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry VOLUME=8 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.00496 DOI=10.3389/fchem.2020.00496 ISSN=2296-2646 ABSTRACT=

Fluorescence imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) has been widely used in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to its high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration depths. In this work, recent advances in rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs)—a novel kind of NIR-II nanoprobes—are presented. The main focus of this study is on the modification of RENPs and their applications in NIR-II in vitro and in vivo imaging and cancer theranostics. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of NIR-II RENPs are discussed.