AUTHOR=Moreno-Altamirano María Maximina B. , Kolstoe Simon E. , Sánchez-García Francisco Javier 

TITLE=Virus Control of Cell Metabolism for Replication and Evasion of Host Immune Responses

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2019

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00095

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2019.00095

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Over the last decade considerable advances in the understanding of the cross-talk between metabolism and the immune responses have led to the conclusion that immune cell effector function strongly depends on the metabolic pathway in which cells are engaged in at a particular point in time, the activation conditions, and the cell microenvironment. It is also now evident that some metabolic intermediates have signalling as well as effector properties and hence topics such as immunometabolism, metabolic reprograming, metabolic symbiosis, among others, have emerged. 
Viruses completely rely on their host’s cell energy and molecular machinery to enter, multiply, and exit for a new round of infection. This review explores how viruses mimic, exploit or interfere with host cell metabolic pathways and how, in doing so, they may evade immune responses. It offers a brief outline of key metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function and metabolism-related signalling pathways, followed by examples of the mechanisms by which several viral proteins regulate host cell metabolic activity.