AUTHOR=Kansakar Urna , Trimarco Valentina , Mone Pasquale , Varzideh Fahimeh , Lombardi Angela , Santulli Gaetano 

TITLE=Choline supplements: An update

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=Choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), is a cholinergic compound and precursor of acetylcholine. GPC is extensively used as a food supplement. In this review, we will examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of GPC. Additionally, there are other different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.