TY - JOUR AU - Tahmasebi, Soroush AU - Amiri, Mehdi AU - Sonenberg, Nahum PY - 2019 M3 - Review TI - Translational Control in Stem Cells JO - Frontiers in Genetics UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2018.00709 VL - 9 SN - 1664-8021 N2 - Simultaneous measurements of mRNA and protein abundance and turnover in mammalian cells, have revealed that a significant portion of the cellular proteome is controlled by mRNA translation. Recent studies have demonstrated that both embryonic and somatic stem cells are dependent on low translation rates to maintain an undifferentiated state. Conversely, differentiation requires increased protein synthesis and failure to do so prevents differentiation. Notably, the low translation in stem cell populations is independent of the cell cycle, indicating that stem cells use unique strategies to decouple these fundamental cellular processes. In this chapter, we discuss different mechanisms used by stem cells to control translation, as well as the developmental consequences of translational deregulation. ER -