TY - JOUR AU - Rezaei-Lotfi, Saba AU - Hunter, Neil AU - Farahani, Ramin M. PY - 2019 M3 - Mini Review TI - β-Catenin: A Metazoan Filter for Biological Noise? JO - Frontiers in Genetics UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.01004 VL - 10 SN - 1664-8021 N2 - Molecular noise refers to fluctuations of biological signals that facilitate phenotypic heterogeneity in a population. While endogenous mechanisms exist to limit genetic noise in biological systems, such restrictions are sometimes removed to propel phenotypic variability as an adaptive strategy. Herein, we review evidence for the potential role of β-catenin in restricting gene expression noise by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We discuss mechanisms that restrict intrinsic noise subsequent to nuclear mobilization of β-catenin. Nuclear β-catenin promotes initiation of transcription but buffers against the resultant noise by restraining transcription elongation. Acceleration of cell cycle, mediated via Wnt/β-catenin downstream signals, further diminishes intrinsic noise by curtailing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Extrinsic noise, on the other hand, is restricted by β-catenin–mediated regulation of major cellular stress pathways. ER -