@ARTICLE{10.3389/fimmu.2020.01866, AUTHOR={Chen, Siyuan and Xia, Yaoyao and He, Fang and Fu, Jian and Xin, Zhongquan and Deng, Baichuan and He, Liuqin and Zhou, Xihong and Ren, Wenkai}, TITLE={Serine Supports IL-1β Production in Macrophages Through mTOR Signaling}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Immunology}, VOLUME={11}, YEAR={2020}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01866}, DOI={10.3389/fimmu.2020.01866}, ISSN={1664-3224}, ABSTRACT={Intracellular metabolic programs tightly regulate the functions of macrophages, and previous studies have shown that serine mainly shapes the macrophage function via one-carbon metabolism. However, it is unknown whether serine modulates the macrophage function independent of one-carbon metabolism. Here, we find that serine deprivation lowers interleukin (IL)-1β production and inflammasome activation, as well as reprograms the transcriptomic and metabolic profile in M1 macrophages. Intriguingly, supplementation of formate, glycine, dNTPs, and glucose cannot rescue the production of IL-1β from serine-deprived macrophages. Mechanistically, serine deprivation inhibits macrophage IL-1β production through inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Of note, the macrophages from mice feeding serine-free diet have lower IL-1β production, and these mice also show less inflammation after LPS challenge. Collectively, our data highlight a new regulatory mechanism for serine to modulate the macrophage function.} }