TY - JOUR AU - Okude, Haruna AU - Ori, Daisuke AU - Kawai, Taro PY - 2021 M3 - Review TI - Signaling Through Nucleic Acid Sensors and Their Roles in Inflammatory Diseases JO - Frontiers in Immunology UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.625833 VL - 11 SN - 1664-3224 N2 - Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for eliciting antiviral immune responses by inducing the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Such responses are a prerequisite for mounting innate and pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. However, host cells also use nucleic acids as carriers of genetic information, and the aberrant recognition of self-nucleic acids by PRRs is associated with the onset of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of nucleic acid sensing by PRRs, including Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and DNA sensor molecules, and their signaling pathways as well as the disorders caused by uncontrolled or unnecessary activation of these PRRs. ER -