@ARTICLE{10.3389/fmars.2019.00314, AUTHOR={She, Jun and Muñiz Piniella, Ángel and Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro and Boehme, Lars and Boero, Ferdinando and Christensen, Asbjorn and Crowe, Tasman and Darecki, Miroslaw and Nogueira, Enrique and Gremare, Antoine and Hernandez, Francisco and Kouts, Tarmo and Kromkamp, Jacco and Petihakis, George and Sousa Pinto, Isabel and Reissmann, Jan Hinrich and Tuomi, Laura and Zingone, Adriana}, TITLE={An Integrated Approach to Coastal and Biological Observations}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Marine Science}, VOLUME={6}, YEAR={2019}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00314}, DOI={10.3389/fmars.2019.00314}, ISSN={2296-7745}, ABSTRACT={Maritime economy, ecosystem-based management and climate change adaptation and mitigation raise emerging needs on coastal ocean and biological observations. Integrated ocean observing aims at optimizing sampling strategies and cost-efficiency, sharing data and best practices, and maximizing the value of the observations for multiple purposes. Recently developed cost-effective, near real time technology such as gliders, radars, ferrybox, and shallow water Argo floats, should be used operationally to generate operational coastal sea observations and analysis. Furthermore, value of disparate coastal ocean observations can be unlocked with multi-dimensional integration on fitness-for-the-purpose, parameter and instrumental. Integration of operational monitoring with offline monitoring programs, such as those for research, ecosystem-based management and commercial purposes, is necessary to fill the gaps. Such integration should lead to a system of networks which can deliver data for all kinds of purposes. Detailed integration activities are identified which should enhance the coastal ocean and biological observing capacity. Ultimately a program is required which integrates physical, biogeochemical and biological observation of the ocean, from coastal to deep-sea environments, bringing together global, regional, and local observation efforts.} }