@ARTICLE{10.3389/fmats.2018.00048, AUTHOR={Kakimoto, Yasuhiro and Tero, Ryugo}, TITLE={Supported Lipid Bilayers of Escherichia coli Extracted Lipids and Their Calcium Dependence}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Materials}, VOLUME={5}, YEAR={2018}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2018.00048}, DOI={10.3389/fmats.2018.00048}, ISSN={2296-8016}, ABSTRACT={Formation of supported lipid bilayer (SLB) and additional structures of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipids were investigated with fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Ca2+ in the aqueous phase with concentration above 2 mM was necessary for the formation of SLB. Additional lipid structures, string-like structures, the second lipid bilayer, and multilayer stacking appeared on the first layer SLB depending on Ca2+ concentration. The bridging effect of Ca2+ between the negatively charged E. coli lipid bilayers and substrate is the dominant factor determining the two-dimensional and three-dimensional morphology of the E. coli lipid bilayer membranes.} }