%A de Bragança,Ana Carolina %A Canale,Daniele %A Gonçalves,Janaína Garcia %A Shimizu,Maria Heloisa Massola %A Seguro,Antonio Carlos %A Volpini,Rildo Aparecido %D 2018 %J Frontiers in Medicine %C %F %G English %K Chronic Kidney Disease,Vitamin D Deficiency,Fibrosis,Inflammation,5/6 nephrectomy,experimental model %Q %R 10.3389/fmed.2018.00282 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2018-October-10 %9 Original Research %# %! Vitamin D deficiency and 5/6 nephrectomy %* %< %T Vitamin D Deficiency Aggravates the Renal Features of Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00282 %V 5 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 2296-858X %X The pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a very complex interaction between hemodynamic and inflammatory processes, leading to glomerular/vascular sclerosis, and fibrosis formation with subsequent evolution to end-stage of renal disease. Despite efforts to minimize the progression of CKD, its incidence and prevalence continue to increase. Besides cardiovascular diseases and infections, several studies demonstrate that vitamin D status could be considered as a non-traditional risk factor for the progression of CKD. Therefore, we investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in the course of moderate CKD in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (Nx). Adult male Wistar rats underwent Sham surgery or Nx and were subdivided into the following four groups: Sham, receiving standard diet (Sham); Sham VDD, receiving vitamin D-free diet (VDD); Nx, receiving standard diet (Nx); and VDD+Nx, receiving vitamin D-free diet (VDD+Nx). Sham or Nx surgeries were performed 30 days after standard or vitamin D-free diets administration. After validation of vitamin D depletion, we considered only Nx and VDD+Nx groups for the following studies. Sixty days after surgeries, VDD+Nx rats exhibited hypertension, a greater decline in renal function and plasma FGF-23 levels, renal hypertrophy, as well as higher plasma levels of PTH and aldosterone. In addition, those animals presented more significant chronic tubulointerstitial changes (cortical interstitial expansion/inflammation/fibrosis), higher expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin, and lower expressions of JG12 and M2 macrophages. Also, VDD+Nx rats had greater infiltration of inflammatory cells (M1 macrophages and T-cells). Such changes were accompanied by higher expression of TGF-β1 and angiotensinogen and decreased expression of VDR and Klotho protein. Our observations indicate that vitamin D deficiency impairs the renal function and worsens the renovascular and morphological changes, aggravating the features of moderate CKD in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.