TY - JOUR AU - Abumayyaleh, Mohammad AU - Nuñez-Gil, Iván J. AU - El-Battrawy, Ibrahim AU - Estrada, Vicente AU - Becerra-Muñoz, Víctor Manuel AU - Uribarri, Aitor AU - Fernández-Rozas, Inmaculada AU - Feltes, Gisela AU - Arroyo-Espliguero, Ramón AU - Trabattoni, Daniela AU - López Pais, Javier AU - Pepe, Martino AU - Romero, Rodolfo AU - Ortega-Armas, María Elizabeth AU - Bianco, Matteo AU - Astrua, Thamar Capel AU - D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio AU - Fabregat-Andres, Oscar AU - Ballester, Andrea AU - Marín, Francisco AU - Buonsenso, Danilo AU - Sanchez-Gimenez, Raul AU - Weiß, Christel AU - Fernandez Perez, Cristina AU - Fernández-Ortiz, Antonio AU - Macaya, Carlos AU - Akin, Ibrahim PY - 2021 M3 - Original Research TI - Sepsis of Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Real-World Experience From the International HOPE-COVID-19-Registry and Validation of HOPE Sepsis Score JO - Frontiers in Medicine UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.728102 VL - 8 SN - 2296-858X N2 - Background: Patients with sepsis with a concomitant coronavirus (COVID-19) infection are related to a high morbidity and mortality rate. We investigated a large cohort of patients with sepsis with a concomitant COVID-19, and we developed a risk score for the estimation of sepsis risk in COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a sub-analysis from the international Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation Registry for COVID-19 (HOPE-COVID-19-Registry, NCT04334291). Out of 5,837 patients with COVID-19, 624 patients were diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 International Consensus.Results: In multivariable analysis, the following risk factors were identified as independent predictors for developing sepsis: current smoking, tachypnoea (>22 breath per minute), hemoptysis, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) <92%, blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP <90 mmHg and diastolic BP <60 mmHg), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <15, elevated procalcitonin (PCT), elevated troponin I (TnI), and elevated creatinine >1.5 mg/dl. By assigning odds ratio (OR) weighted points to these variables, the following three risk categories were defined to develop sepsis during admission: low-risk group (probability of sepsis 3.1–11.8%); intermediate-risk group (24.8–53.8%); and high-risk-group (58.3–100%). A score of 1 was assigned to current smoking, tachypnoea, decreased SpO2, decreased BP, decreased GCS, elevated PCT, TnI, and creatinine, whereas a score of 2 was assigned to hemoptysis.Conclusions: The HOPE Sepsis Score including nine parameters is useful in identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients to develop sepsis. Sepsis in COVID-19 is associated with a high mortality rate. ER -