AUTHOR=Wang Chaoyang , Wei Nan , Zhang Moyuan , Zhang Xiaoju 

TITLE=Pulmonary infection with Aeromonas dhakensis in a patient with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1357714

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2024.1357714

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p><italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> is a gram-negative bacterium. In recent years, <italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> has gradually attracted increasing attention due to its strong virulence and poor prognosis. Clinical reports of pulmonary infection caused by <italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> are rare.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Case presentation</title><p>A patient with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia experienced myelosuppression after chemotherapy, developed a secondary pulmonary infection with <italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> and was hospitalized due to fever. The patient underwent testing for inflammatory markers, chest imaging, blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural drainage, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid and pleural fluid to obtain evidence of <italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> infection, and was treated with four generations of cephalosporin combined with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The patient’s condition significantly improved.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Discussion</title><p>Among pulmonary infectious pathogens, <italic>Aeromonas dhakensis</italic> is relatively rare. Once an <italic>Aeromonas</italic> strain is cultured in the clinical work, pathogenic sequencing should be performed on the detected samples for early accurate diagnosis and effective anti-infection treatment.</p></sec>