AUTHOR=Rafii Michael , Wishnek Hannah , Brewer James , Donohue Michael , Ness Seth , Mobley William , Aisen Paul , Rissman Robert 

TITLE=The down syndrome biomarker initiative (DSBI) pilot: proof of concept for deep phenotyping of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in down syndrome

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2015

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00239

DOI=10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00239

ISSN=1662-5153

ABSTRACT=To gain further knowledge on the preclinical phase of AD, we sought to characterize cognitive performance, volumetric MRI, amyloid PET, FDG PET, retinal amyloid, and plasma biomarkers in a cohort of non-demented adults with Down Syndrome (DS).  The goal of the Down Syndrome Biomarker Initiative (DSBI) pilot is to test feasibility of this approach for future multicenter studies. We enrolled 12 non-demented participants with DS between the ages of 30-60 years old. Participants underwent extensive cognitive testing, volumetric MRI, amyloid PET 18F-florbetapir, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET, and retinal amyloid imaging. In addition, plasma beta-amyloid species were measured and ApoE genotyping was performed. Consistent with previous autopsy studies, subjects demonstrated amyloid PET positivity reflecting fibrillar amyloid plaque deposition.  Results from our multimodal analysis also suggest greater hippocampal atrophy with amyloid load. Additionally, we identified an inverse relationship between amyloid load and regional glucose metabolism. Cognitive and functional measures did not correlate with amyloid load in DS but did correlate with regional FDG PET measures. Retinal amyloid imaging demonstrated presence of plaques. Biomarkers of AD can be readily studied in adults with DS as in other preclinical AD populations. Importantly, all subjects in this feasibility study were able to complete all test procedures.  The data indicate that a large, multicenter longitudinal study is feasible to better understand the trajectories of AD biomarkers in this enriched population.  This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02141971.