AUTHOR=Simoes Estefania , Correia-Lima Joanna , Calfat Elie Leal de Barros , Otani Thais Zélia dos Santos , Vasques Daniel Augusto Correa , Otani Victor Henrique Oyamada , Bertolazzi Pamela , Kochi Cristiane , Seelaender Marilia , Uchida Ricardo Riyoiti 

TITLE=Sex-Dependent Dyslipidemia and Neuro-Humoral Alterations Leading to Further Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Obesity

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2020

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.613301

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2020.613301

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Objective: Childhood obesity is a growing concern as the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 38 million children under the age of 5 are overweight or with obesity. This condition is the reflex of energy imbalance between the calories consumed and those expended. Sex-related responses associated with dyslipidemia, hormonal alterations and neurohumoral disruptions in childhood obesity are the focus of the present investigation.
Methods: Data from ninety-two Brazilian adolescents were enrolled and divided between obesity and eutrophic group. Obesity was classified using body mass index Z- score according age and weight. Anthropometrical analyses, blood pressure, blood lipids, metabolism-regulating hormones and neuropeptides were carried out.  
Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in females and males with obesity. Females with obesity presented alterations in lipid profile and an augment of cardiovascular diseases prediction ratios TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL and VLDL/HDL. The leptin, GIP and neuropeptide levels showed sex-dimorphism dependence in obesity. Children with obesity presented increased levels of circulating insulin, c-peptide, amylin, glucagon and GLP-1. Correlation analysis showed significant linearity between body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, hormones and neuropeptides content.
Conclusions: Our data support an existing link between hypertension, dyslipidemia and neuro-hormonal imbalance in childhood obesity. We also described a sex-dependent pattern in childhood obesity-associated dyslipidemia and blood pressure in females with obesity, solely.