Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a rare form of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and survival profile of appendiceal MiNENs, with a view of providing robust clinical features of this rare disease.
Patients were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016). The prognosis of MiNEN (
The age-adjusted incidence of MiNENs increased from 0.01/100,000 person-years in 2004 to 0.07/100,000 person-years in 2016. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates for MiNENs were 69.5, 57.4, and 43.7%, respectively, and the corresponding CSM rates were 23.1, 36.4, and 45.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prognosis of MiNENs was worse than that of NETs, NECs, GCC, and MAC but better than that of NMAC and signet ring cell carcinoma. Tumor extension was the only independent factor influencing the prognosis of MiNENs, but tumor size, grade, and surgical approaches were not. Moreover, when compared with local excision or appendectomy, extensive surgery such as hemicolectomy or colectomy did not prolong the survival of individuals with MiNENs.
MiNEN is a rare but aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis differing from NENs, GCC and adenocarcinomas. To improve the prognosis of the disease, early diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation are necessary.