Editorial: Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Context of Age-Related Cardiometabolic Disease: Ethnopharmacological Perspectives

Anti-In ﬂ ammatory Agents in the Context of Age-related Cardiometabolic Disease: in metabolic syndrome in addition to the supporting data for the role of Moringa oleifera Lam. on various signaling pathways activated during in ﬂ ammation and oxidative stress. et al. have studied the molecular basis of the effect of ShenLian extract on atherosclerotic plaques in vitro and in vivo . By using the co-culture model, macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions were studied and reported the necessary role of transforming growth factor (TGF)- β in the cross-talk between macrophages and SMC in stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaques. They have reported that ShenLian extract (an herbal decoction consisting of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.) could stabilize the vulnerable plaques by increasing plaque collagen and functionally reconstruct the extracellular matrix via increasing TGF- β expression and regulating the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Liu et al. and her team reported that the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF), a heat-stable pentapeptide from Entamoeba histolytica , promoted microglia transition toward the M2 phenotype, which contributes to neuronal survival and tissue repair, in vivo and in vitro ischemic stroke model via regulation of eEF1A1/

Aging is a normal physiological process altering cell function largely through cellular senescence, but sometimes accelerated aging and/or excess accumulation of senescent cells in individuals may lead to several complications affecting the quality of life. One such complication is cardiometabolic disease, which is commonly seen in the elderly and is a global burden, causing health and economic problems. Though various treatment strategies are made available to manage the cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction (MI), etc., traditional systems of medicine play a major role in their treatment in various countries, such as Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Japanese Kampo medicine, Homoeopathy, Unani, and Siddha, etc. The lack of evidence for their beneficial effects as well as their molecular effects urged us to choose this topic. Louisa et al. from the University of Indonesia have performed a systematic review on the role of Moringa oleifera Lam [Moringaceae] in cardiovascular or metabolic disorders, in addition to its high nutritional value. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a native plant of several Asian countries and is reported to provide potential benefits against oxidative stress and inflammation, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism and preventing end-organ damage. They have also covered the importance of altering the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome in addition to the supporting data for the role of Moringa oleifera Lam. on various signaling pathways activated during inflammation and oxidative stress. Liu et al. have studied the molecular basis of the effect of ShenLian extract on atherosclerotic plaques in vitro and in vivo. By using the co-culture model, macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions were studied and reported the necessary role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the cross-talk between macrophages and SMC in stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaques. They have reported that ShenLian extract (an herbal decoction consisting of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.) could stabilize the vulnerable plaques by increasing plaque collagen and functionally reconstruct the extracellular matrix via increasing TGF-β expression and regulating the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Liu et al. and her team reported that the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF), a heat-stable pentapeptide from Entamoeba histolytica, promoted microglia transition toward the M2 phenotype, which contributes to neuronal survival and tissue repair, in vivo and in vitro ischemic stroke model via regulation of eEF1A1/ NFκB signaling pathway. They have suggested that MLIF might be a useful pharmacological agent for ischemic stroke. Zhang et al. have performed a meta-analysis on the systematic evaluation of TCM in the treatment of ventricular remodeling after acute MI. They have analyzed various parameters of myocardial function, ventricular remodeling, and serum levels of BNP and CRP from forty randomized clinical trials involving 3,659 participants and proved that a combination of TCM or TCM preparations with conventional Western medicine could prevent and reverse ventricular remodeling in post-acute MI (AMI). They have concluded that the combination of TCM and Western medicine can alleviate ventricular remodeling, enhance cardiac function, and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events in AMI patients. Though fewer articles are available on this topic, we hope that this Research Topic provides readers with the importance of ethnopharmacology and traditional medicine system in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, initiates new ideas, and enhances future research to advance the field.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
SA wrote the manuscript. WA and KI critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All the authors approve the submission of the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest:
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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