TY - JOUR AU - Ferrari, Simone AU - Savatin, Daniel AU - Sicilia, Francesca AU - Gramegna, Giovanna AU - Cervone, Felice AU - De Lorenzo, Giulia PY - 2013 M3 - Review TI - Oligogalacturonides: plant damage-associated molecular patterns and regulators of growth and development JO - Frontiers in Plant Science UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2013.00049 VL - 4 SN - 1664-462X N2 - Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are oligomers of alpha-1,4-linked galacturonosyl residues released from plant cell walls upon partial degradation of homogalacturonan. OGs are able to elicit defense responses, including accumulation of reactive oxygen species and pathogenesis-related proteins, and protect plants against pathogen infections. Recent studies demonstrated that OGs are perceived by wall-associated kinases and share signaling components with microbe-associated molecular patterns. For this reason OGs are now considered true damage-associated molecular patterns that activate the plant innate immunity and may also be involved in the activation of responses to mechanical wounding. Furthermore, OGs appear to modulate developmental processes, likely through their ability to antagonize auxin responses. Here we review our current knowledge on the role and mode of action of this class of oligosaccharides in plant defense and development. ER -