TY - JOUR AU - Brunell, Amy AU - Davis, Mark AU - Schley, Dan AU - Eng, Abbey AU - van Dulmen, Manfred AU - Wester, Kelly AU - Flannery, Daniel PY - 2013 M3 - Original Research TI - A New Measure of Interpersonal Exploitativeness JO - Frontiers in Psychology UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00299 VL - 4 SN - 1664-1078 N2 - Measures of exploitativeness evidence problems with validity and reliability. The present set of studies assessed a new measure [the Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES)] that defines exploitativeness in terms of reciprocity. In Studies 1 and 2, 33 items were administered to participants. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that a single factor consisting of six items adequately assess interpersonal exploitativeness. Study 3 results revealed that the IES was positively associated with “normal” narcissism, pathological narcissism, psychological entitlement, and negative reciprocity and negatively correlated with positive reciprocity. In Study 4, participants competed in a commons dilemma. Those who scored higher on the IES were more likely to harvest a greater share of resources over time, even while controlling for other relevant variables, such as entitlement. Together, these studies show the IES to be a valid and reliable measure of interpersonal exploitativeness. The authors discuss the implications of these studies. ER -