AUTHOR=Kemppainen Heidi , Nurmi Harri , Raivio Noora , Kiianmaa Kalervo TITLE=Enhanced Extracellular Glutamate and Dopamine in the Ventral Pallidum of Alcohol-Preferring AA and Alcohol-Avoiding ANA Rats after Morphine JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry VOLUME=6 YEAR=2015 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00001 DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00001 ISSN=1664-0640 ABSTRACT=
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of ventral pallidal opioidergic mechanisms in the control of ethanol intake by studying the effects of acute administration of morphine on the levels of GABA, glutamate, and dopamine in the ventral pallidum. The study was conducted using the alcohol-preferring Alko Alcohol (AA) and alcohol-avoiding Alko Non-Alcohol (ANA) rat lines that have well-documented differences in their voluntary ethanol intake and brain opioidergic systems. Therefore, examination of neurobiological differences between the lines is supposed to help to identify the neuronal mechanisms underlying ethanol intake, since selection pressure is assumed gradually to lead to enrichment of alleles promoting high or low ethanol intake, respectively. The effects of an acute dose of morphine (1 or 10 mg/kg s.c.) on the extracellular levels of GABA and glutamate in the ventral pallidum were monitored with