TY - JOUR AU - Emmert-Streib, Frank AU - Yang, Zhen AU - Feng, Han AU - Tripathi, Shailesh AU - Dehmer, Matthias PY - 2020 M3 - Review TI - An Introductory Review of Deep Learning for Prediction Models With Big Data JO - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2020.00004 VL - 3 SN - 2624-8212 N2 - Deep learning models stand for a new learning paradigm in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Recent breakthrough results in image analysis and speech recognition have generated a massive interest in this field because also applications in many other domains providing big data seem possible. On a downside, the mathematical and computational methodology underlying deep learning models is very challenging, especially for interdisciplinary scientists. For this reason, we present in this paper an introductory review of deep learning approaches including Deep Feedforward Neural Networks (D-FFNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Deep Belief Networks (DBNs), Autoencoders (AEs), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. These models form the major core architectures of deep learning models currently used and should belong in any data scientist's toolbox. Importantly, those core architectural building blocks can be composed flexibly—in an almost Lego-like manner—to build new application-specific network architectures. Hence, a basic understanding of these network architectures is important to be prepared for future developments in AI. ER -