AUTHOR=Swain Susan L. , Kugler-Umana Olivia , Tonkonogy Susan L. 

TITLE=“An Intrinsic Program Determines Key Age-Associated Changes in Adaptive Immunity That Limit Response to Non-Pathogens”

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Aging

VOLUME=Volume 2 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging/articles/10.3389/fragi.2021.701900

DOI=10.3389/fragi.2021.701900

ISSN=2673-6217

ABSTRACT=With aging the adaptive immune system changes dramatically, leading to weakened response to newly encountered antigens and poor efficacy of vaccines. Our recent studies, in germ-free mice, suggest these changes are largely intrinsic, and driven by homeostasis. A shared pattern emerges in both CD4 T and B cells such that they require higher levels of pathogen recognition to mount a strong response.