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        <title>Frontiers in Agronomy | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Agronomy | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-08-14T06:54:13.48+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1856833</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1856833</link>
        <title><![CDATA[High-resolution remote sensing suggests greater vegetation resilience in maize-based intercropping systems than monocropping]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amal Chakhar</author><author>Chetan Deva</author><author>Andrew Juan Challinor</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIntercropping is widely promoted as a strategy to enhance crop resilience, but spatial evidence for its vegetation- stress benefits in smallholder systems based on remote sensing data remains limited.MethodsWe used Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data to map maize monocrop and maize intercrop in western Kenya, and Sentinel-2 vegetation indices to compare vegetation-stress conditions across these systems during the 2021 and 2023 long-rain seasons. We tracked monthly vegetation condition using normalized difference indices of vegetation, (VCI from NDVI, MCI from NDMI, and GCI from GNDVI) and were integrated into an ensemble stress index ENS. All these four metrics were subsequently incorporated into the Intercrop Advantage Score (IAS)  - a remote-sensing proxy that combines the magnitude, uncertainty and seasonal consistency of intercrop-monocrop differences. Results and DiscussionAcross both seasons, maize intercrop generally showed higher vegetation condition and lower stress than maize monocrop. The relatively small, but statistically significant differences, provide evidence for resilience from remotesensing, in the absence of yield data. The IAS provides an interpretable transferable framework for comparing crop-system vegetation-stress profiles using satellite data and has potential application for evaluating of a wider range of agricultural interventions.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1866628</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1866628</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Trade-offs between yield, physiological performance, and quality in basil (Ocimum basilicum) cultivated in hydroponic versus conventional soil-based greenhouse system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Gil Carron</author><author>Marilou Maret</author><author>Robert Farinet</author><author>Philip Bosshard</author><author>Florentina Gartmann</author><author>Nadine Rüegg</author><author>Selçuk Yildirim</author><author>Christoph Carlen</author><author>Zala Schmautz</author><author>Cédric Camps</author><author>Daniel Tran</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Controlled Environment Agriculture, specifically high-density vertical farming, offers unprecedented spatial yields but often suffers from a “yield-quality trade-off,” in which accelerated biomass accumulation dilutes secondary metabolites. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether optimizing the vertical farm (VF) environment can uncouple rapid growth from quality degradation in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). To achieve this, we compared the agronomic, ecophysiological, and nutritional performance of eight commercial cultivars. The experiment was conducted in Switzerland characterized by a continental climate with Mediterranean influences, to compare successive harvests across two setups: an indoor, high-density hydroponic VF system (fully controlled microclimate) and a conventional soil-based greenhouse. VF cultivation accelerated the crop cycle by bypassing prolonged nursery phases, doubling temporal productivity (+106%) without compromising structural dry matter. Ecophysiologically, hydroponic plants adopted a conservative water-use strategy, halving stomatal conductance and apparent transpiration while maintaining photochemical efficiency. This adaptation triggered significant ionomic shifts: rapid carbon assimilation caused a systemic dilution of nitrogen and potassium, while unhindered root bioavailability led to luxury phosphorus uptake and increased foliar calcium despite reduced transpirational pull. Crucially, the VF system successfully broke the traditional yield-quality paradigm, producing basil with enhanced visual greenness and elevated essential oil content. However, these benefits were dictated by Genotype × Environment interactions. Elite cultivars (Adi and Prospera) exhibited high phenotypic plasticity, maximizing biomass and volatile organic compounds, whereas traditional open-field varieties struggled. Ultimately, unlocking vertical farming’s full potential relies on pairing advanced hydroponic engineering with targeted genetic selection.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1867943</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1867943</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intercropping dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with Cucumis myriocarpus and Cleome gynandra under deficit irrigation: impacts on soil physicochemical properties, water-use efficiency and crop growth]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Boitumelo Patience Lekgoathi</author><author>Pholosho Mmateko Kgopa</author><author>Puffy Soundy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWater scarcity is a major constraint limiting agricultural productivity in semi-arid regions. Developing sustainable production systems that improve water-use efficiency while maintaining soil physicochemical quality is therefore essential. This study evaluated the combined effects of cropping systems and deficit irrigation on instantaneous water-use efficiency (iWUE), soil physicochemical properties, nutrient dynamics, crop growth, and productivity in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-based intercropping systems with Cucumis myriocarpus and Cleome gynandra.MethodsA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2023/24 and 2024/25) using three cropping systems and three irrigation regimes supplying 100% (full irrigation, FI), 75% (moderate deficit irrigation, DI), and 50% (severe DI) of crop water requirements. Measurements included iWUE, soil physicochemical properties, exchangeable cations, crop growth, biomass production, and yield.ResultsIrrigation level had a greater influence on iWUE than cropping system. Severe deficit irrigation (50% DI) significantly reduced crop growth, biomass accumulation, and yield, whereas full irrigation (100% FI) generally produced the highest performance. Moderate deficit irrigation (75% DI) maintained satisfactory productivity while reducing water input, demonstrating its potential as a water-saving strategy. Both cropping system and irrigation regime significantly affected soil physicochemical properties and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K). Intercropping improved soil conditions by reducing bulk density and enhancing soil pH and nutrient cycling compared with sole cropping. However, dry bean-based systems maintained higher exchangeable cation concentrations and cation exchange capacity than C. gynandra-based systems. Soil nutrient availability declined progressively with increasing water deficit. Sole dry bean under full irrigation recorded the highest growth and yield. Although intercropping reduced dry bean yield compared with sole cropping, the dry bean + C. myriocarpus intercrop consistently outperformed the dry bean + C. gynandra intercrop under water-limited conditions.DiscussionThe findings demonstrate that irrigation management plays a more decisive role than cropping system in determining water-use efficiency and crop productivity under semi-arid conditions. Moderate deficit irrigation (75% DI), when combined with compatible intercropping systems, particularly dry bean + C. myriocarpus, offers a practical strategy for conserving irrigation water while sustaining crop productivity and improving soil physicochemical quality. These results support the adoption of integrated water and cropping management practices to enhance the resilience and sustainability of crop production in water-limited environments.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1823187</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1823187</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Drip fertigation for vegetable production: a comprehensive review of crop performance, nutrient use efficiency and sustainable resource management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Anjitha Das</author><author>Rekha V. R. Nair</author><author>Raji Swaroop</author><author>Naveen Leno</author><author>Thulasi V.</author><author>Rani B.</author><author>Krishnapriya M. K.</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Doubling farmers’ income by maximizing crop productivity per unit of resource utilized while safeguarding long-term soil health has become a major global concern in sustainable agriculture. The horticulture sector is progressively shifting from an exclusive focus on yield maximization toward improving irrigation water and fertilizer use efficiency to achieve higher productivity with reduced resource consumption. Inefficient use of water and fertilizers not only limits crop productivity but also contributes to soil degradation, nutrient losses, environmental pollution, and declining input-use efficiency. In this context, drip fertigation has emerged as an effective management strategy for vegetable production due to its ability to deliver water and nutrients directly to the crop root zone in a precise and demand-driven manner. Fertigation improves synchronization between crop nutrient demand and resource supply, thereby enhancing nutrient uptake, reducing nutrient losses, and improving crop performance. This review critically evaluates the role of fertigation in improving crop growth, yield, produce quality, nutrient use efficiency, and water productivity in vegetable crops. The review further highlights the importance of appropriate irrigation scheduling, fertilizer application rates, and nutrient management strategies for achieving optimum crop performance and resource conservation. Despite its considerable advantages, the large-scale adoption of fertigation remains constrained by challenges such as emitter clogging, high initial installation costs, maintenance requirements, salinity buildup, and improper nutrient scheduling. The article also discusses practical management approaches to overcome these limitations and enhance the long-term sustainability of fertigation systems. Overall, fertigation offers substantial potential to improve agricultural productivity, resource-use efficiency, economic returns, and environmental sustainability in modern vegetable cultivation under changing climatic conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1901636</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1901636</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Beyond farm size: spatial determinants of cocoa productivity in Ashanti Region, Ghana]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Welson Bentum</author><author>Emmanuel Odame Owiredu</author><author>Nana Kena Frempong</author><author>Michael Asante Ofosu</author><author>Esther Boateng</author><author>Kwaku Obeng Owusu</author><author>Agyeman Shadrack</author><author>Elvis Anyimadu Asiedu</author><author>Sandra Addai-Henne</author><author>Wilhemina Adoma Pels</author><author>Harriet Achiaa Dwamena</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cocoa yields in Ghana have declined 23% since 2020 despite favorable prices, yet the spatial dimensions of this productivity crisis remain under-researched. This study analyzed 2,612 georeferenced cocoa farms across 10 districts in Ghana’s Ashanti Region (5°30’N–7°45’N, 0°15’W–2°25’W) to identify spatial patterns and determinants of yield variation. We integrated GIS-based spatial analysis with multivariate spatial regression modeling, applying Moran’s I statistics, and Ripley’s K-function. Results revealed strong spatial clustering of productivity (Moran’s I = 0.594, p < 0.001), indicating that unobserved spatially structured factors significantly shape yield outcomes, with seven distinct clusters identified through point pattern analysis. A two-hurdle spatial regression approach was employed to analyze cocoa yield determinants, while addressing the substantial zero inflation in production data. More than 50% of sampled farms (n = 2,612) reported zero yields during the 2022/2023 season, reflecting distinct economic and agronomic processes governing participation versus productivity decisions. In Hurdle 1, a spatial autoregressive probit model was applied to estimate the binary participation decision, while Hurdle 2 employed spatial error regression among producing farms to identify conditional yield determinants. The results reveal strong spatial dependence at both decision stages, with spatial autoregressive coefficient ρ = 0.698 in the participation model and spatial error coefficient λ = 0.690 in the productivity model. Tree density exhibits super-elastic effects (elasticity = 1.29), while farm size shows an inverse productivity relationship (elasticity = -0.0287). The model explains 92.07% of yield variation on the original scale using Duan’s smearing estimator for backtransformation. Policy implications emphasize geographically targeted interventions, smallholder intensification through replanting programs, and sustained extension engagement.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1875968</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1875968</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimizing nitrogen management with a magnesium supply improves rice yield and nutrient-use efficiency]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zou Dai</author><author>Lubing Jia</author><author>Yang Wang</author><author>Wenfeng Zhang</author><author>Teng-fei Lv</author><author>Li Zhang</author><author>Jie Shen</author><author>Sajad Hussain</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) are essential nutrients that jointly regulate rice growth, productivity, and nutrient utilization, particularly in acidic, Mg-deficient soils. Delayed N application is a key strategy for improving N-use efficiency and achieving N-conserving, yield-stable rice production. However, research on the synergistic effects of delayed N application combined with Mg fertilization on rice growth, yield, and nutrient-use efficiency under the unique plateau climate and Mg-deficient soil conditions of Mianning County in Sichuan Province, China remains limited. We investigated the effects of different N application strategies combined with Mg fertilization on rice yield, biomass production, and nutrient-use efficiency in this high-altitude rice-growing region. A two-year field experiment (2024–2025) was conducted using a split-plot design with the rice cultivar Shenyou Yuehe Simiao. The main plots received a constant N application rate of 150 kg/hm2 applied at three basal:tillering:panicle ratios (20:20:60–N2:2:6, 30:30:40–N3:3:4, and 40:40:20–N4:4:2), together with a zero-N control. The subplots received Mg at 0, 60, or 90 kg/hm2, expressed as Mg0, Mg1, and Mg2, respectively. The assessed parameters included yield components, dry matter accumulation and translocation, N management, Mg fertilization, year, and their interactions, all of which significantly influenced rice growth and nutrient utilization. The combination of the 30:30:40 N application regime with 60 kg Mg/hm2 consistently achieved the highest grain yield (11,332.7 kg/hm2), representing an 8.7% increase compared with the corresponding treatment without Mg application. At the full heading and maturity stages, dry matter accumulation reached 11,103.38 and 16,286.69 kg/hm2, respectively; the amount and rate of dry matter translocation from stems and leaves were 2,745.20 kg/hm2 and 38.77%, respectively. This combined application significantly promoted N uptake, with total plant N accumulation of 144.38 kg/hm2; agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, and recovery efficiency of N fertilization of 21.64 kg/kg, 62.96 kg/kg, and 35.32%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that optimizing N application timing (30:30:40) combined with 60 kg Mg/hm2 synergistically enhances dry matter accumulation and translocation, nutrient-use efficiency, and carbon metabolism, thereby improving rice grain yield in Mg-deficient soils.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1839648</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1839648</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association mapping and functional annotation of loci conferring resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yuliya Genievskaya</author><author>Akerke Maulenbay</author><author>Alibek Zatybekov</author><author>Yerlan Turuspekov</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionNet form net blotch (NFNB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), is a major constraint to barley production. However, the genetic basis of adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling resistance remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to dissect the genetic architecture of NFNB resistance in a diverse panel of 273 spring barley accessions.MethodsAPR was evaluated in two contrasting field environments in Kazakhstan, whereas seedling resistance was assessed under greenhouse conditions using two Ptt races. Genotyping with the 50K SNP array yielded 31,834 high-quality SNPs. Genome-wide association analyses were performed using four models – MLM, MLMM, FarmCPU, and BLINK – that accounted for population structure and kinship. Candidate genes within QTL intervals were prioritized using transcriptomic data from 16 barley tissues and co-expression network analysis.ResultsSubstantial phenotypic variation was observed, with moderate heritability for APR (h2 = 50.6%) and seedling resistance (h2 = 41.3%), together with strong genotype × environment and genotype × race interactions. In total, 275 marker–trait associations were detected for APR and 48 for seedling resistance. These associations were consolidated into 57 genome-wide significant (P < 1.57E–6) or multi-model-supported QTLs across all seven barley chromosomes, including 39 APR and 18 seedling-resistance QTLs. Forty QTLs co-localized with known resistance genes (Rpt1, Rpt2, Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt6, Rpt8, Rpt9, and SPN1) or previously reported net blotch QTLs, whereas 17 were potentially novel. Transcriptomic integration identified 87 highly expressed genes within APR QTL regions and 42 within seedling-resistance QTLs. The potentially novel QTLs Q_NB_1H.6, Q_NB_2H.3, and Q_NB_3H.1 harbored genes encoding proteins previously associated with pathogen resistance and stress responses. Co-expression analysis revealed stage-specific transcriptional patterns, with APR-associated genes enriched in regulatory functions and seedling-resistance genes enriched in metabolic and structural functions.DiscussionThe results demonstrate that NFNB resistance is polygenic and developmentally stage-dependent, with partly distinct mechanisms underlying adult plant and seedling resistance. The identified QTLs and prioritized candidate genes provide targets for independent validation, functional characterization, and the development of molecular markers to support breeding for durable NFNB resistance in barley.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1880628</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1880628</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Agronomic and economic responses of cabbage to phosphorus fertilizer application]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yiling Zheng</author><author>Nora Doonan</author><author>Shuresh Ghimire</author><author>Avishesh Neupane</author><author>Mia Maltz</author><author>Haiying Tao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Optimum Phosphorus (P) fertilization is essential for crop yield and quality, economic return, and the environment. However, agronomic and economic responses to P fertilization are unclear for cabbage grown in the soil and environment in Connecticut. The goal of this study was to quantify agronomic and economic responses to P fertilizer application rates of fall cabbage grown on a P-deficient Woodbridge fine sandy loam in Connecticut. Field experiments were conducted in 2024 and 2025 using five P rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg P2O5 ha-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Marketable head yield and head tissue P concentration were analyzed, and their responses to P rates were described using Linear Plateau, Quadratic Plateau, Quadratic, and Mitscherlich models. P applications resulted in significantly greater marketable yields compared with the unfertilized controls in both years, and yield increased significantly up to 168 and 112 kg P2O5 ha-1 in 2024 and 2025, respectively. Model fit statistics were similar among models but estimated agronomic and economic optimum rates varied widely. The quadratic model ensured the greatest economic net return in both years, with economic optimum rates of 172.8 and 167.9 kg P2O5 ha-1 in 2024 and 2025, respectively. Head tissue P concentrations increased significantly as P application rates increased up to 168 kg P2O5 ha-1in both years, and the critical concentrations derived by the models ranged from 0.252% to 0.468%. These findings provide preliminary estimates of P fertilizer application rates for optimizing productivity and profitability of cabbage grown in a P-deficient soil representative of a common soil series. Additional experiments are needed to develop P fertilizer recommendations across a broader range of soil series and soil-test P levels in Connecticut.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1892509</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1892509</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Predicting regional soybean suitability in France under climate change: integrating phenology and machine learning models]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Céline Schoving</author><author>Hélène Raynal</author><author>Hélène Tribouillois</author><author>Julie Constantin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSoybean is an oilseed plant with agronomic and nutritional benefits. However, the European Union (EU27) imports 17.5 Million Tons (MT)/year, while the production reached only 2.9 MT in 2023. Climate change provides the opportunity to locally cultivate soybean, particularly in northern areas of France.ObjectiveOur objective is to assess the potential cultivation areas in France, and identify suitable maturity groups (MGs) at high spatial resolution. MethodsA simple phenology algorithm (SPA) was calibrated for seven MGs (G0000 to GII) using a Monte Carlo approach on a large dataset of flowering (R1) and maturity (R8) dates. Emergence prediction was enhanced with a random forest (RMSE reduced from 5.7 to 0.7 days). Then, R1 and R8 stages were simulated on 8,602 grid cells in the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for three climate series (2003–2023, 2024–2044 and 2045–2065) from Drias-2020 CNRM-CM5/ALADIN63 data. Optimal sowing dates were estimated based on temperature and water availability. ResultsAfter calibration, SPA predicted R1 and R8 with RMSE of 6.9 and 12.7 days, respectively. The sowing dates were consistent with current climate data and may occur up to 30 days earlier in certain regions under future conditions. By 2045–2065, climatically suitable areas for soybean could expand across most of France, with a shift towards later MGs. Suitability areas for GII, GI/II and G00 would increase by 73%, 49% and 78%, respectively. ConclusionOur study updates knowledge on European soybean cultivars and feasible sowing dates, highlighting that further northward expansion will depend on breeding cultivars with reduced photoperiod sensitivity and improved cold tolerance, enabling earlier flowering and reliable establishment under cooler spring conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1864545</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1864545</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Successful integration of overwintering annual flower strips into sugar beet cultivation for the control of virus yellows transmission by aphids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Benedict Wieters</author><author>Ingo Glock</author><author>Heinz-Josef Koch</author><author>Nicol Stockfisch</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionVirus yellows diseases transmitted by aphids pose significant threats to sugar beet production in Europe, and alternative pest management strategies are urgently needed. This study evaluated the integration of overwintering annual flower strips into sugar beet fields as a conservation biological control measure to reduce virus yellows transmission while maintaining economic viability.MethodsField experiments were conducted across 18 commercial sugar beet fields in Germany for two growing seasons (2021–2023). Five flower species mixtures were sown in 6-mwide strips running parallel through fields in September prior to sugar beet planting. Three treatments were compared: flower strips with adjacent sugar beet, untreated sugar beet control (INS−), and insecticide-treated practice (standard). Virus yellowing symptoms, sugar beet growth parameters, yield, and economic performance were assessed under contrasting pest pressure conditions.ResultsMost flower species successfully overwintered, with Centaurea cyanus emerging as the most robust species. In 2022, under high aphid pressure, flower strips significantly reduced virus yellowing symptoms from 12.5% to 6.7% of the affected area (46% reduction, p < 0.0001) compared to INS−. However, this disease reduction did not translate into significant yield improvements, with flower strip treatments averaging 14.7 t ha−1 compared to 14.8 t ha−1 in INS− and 15.6 t ha−1 in standard. Under low aphid pressure (2023), no treatment differences in symptoms or yield occurred. Economic analysis revealed that flower strips reduced contribution margins by 13% (366 € ha−1) compared to standard insecticide-protected cultivation, primarily due to area loss (11.2% of field) and establishment costs.DiscussionFlower strips offer valuable ecosystem services, positioning them as potential components of integrated pest management strategies, particularly as insecticide options become increasingly limited. Future optimization should focus on narrower strip designs, improved species selection for overwintering reliability, and integration with complementary biological control measures to enhance economic viability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1863730</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1863730</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seed dormancy regulation and its breaking methods in important weed species: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Akashdeep Singh</author><author>Debashis Paul</author><author>Ali Bajwa</author><author>Aniruddha Maity</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSeed dormancy is a critical evolutionary trait that enhances weed persistence in soil seedbanks by preventing germination under unfavorable environmental conditions. Despite its importance in determining weed emergence patterns, seedbank longevity, and management success, a comprehensive synthesis of dormancy characteristics and dormancy-breaking mechanisms across major weed species has been lacking.MethodsA systematic review and quantitative synthesis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, encompassing 252 studies from five continents involving 81 globally important weed species representing 22 taxonomic families. Data were compiled on seed dormancy level, dormancy duration, life cycle, pollination system, seed production season, and dormancy-breaking methods. Descriptive analyses and principal component analysis were used to evaluate relationships among taxonomic, biological, and ecological factors influencing weed seed dormancy.ResultsTaxonomic factors, particularly family and species, accounted for most variation in dormancy degree and duration, followed by life cycle and pollination system. Seed maturity season was strongly associated with dormancy intensity, whereas dormancy duration was more closely related to life cycle. Most weed families exhibited >70% dormancy in freshly matured seeds, with Plantaginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Brassicaceae, and Poaceae showing the highest dormancy levels, whereas Onagraceae and Cyperaceae exhibited relatively low dormancy. Annual species generally displayed greater dormancy intensity, while perennial species maintained longer dormancy periods. Seeds produced during spring and summer exhibited greater and longer dormancy than those produced during fall. Cold stratification and hormonal treatments were the most effective approaches for overcoming physiological dormancy, whereas scarification was essential for breaking physical dormancy. Germination responses were strongly regulated by temperature and light, with optimal conditions varying among taxonomic groups.DiscussionWeed seed dormancy is governed by interacting taxonomic and life-history traits that influence species persistence and emergence dynamics. Understanding dormancy mechanisms and dormancy-breaking requirements can improve prediction of weed emergence, optimize stale seedbed and herbicide-timing strategies, and enhance long-term seedbank management. This review highlights the need for a comprehensive global database integrating weed seed dormancy characteristics, dormancy-breaking methods, and adaptive responses to environmental change.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1850038</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1850038</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Harnessing polyethylene mulching and herbicide integration for sustainable weed management and improved onion productivity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sanket J. More</author><author>Bhagyashri Kawale</author><author>Yogita Raskar</author><author>Thangasamy Arunachalam</author><author>Sagar M. Wayal</author><author>Yogesh P. Khade</author><author>Suresh Gawande</author><author>Pranjali A. Gedam</author><author>Bhushan Bibwe</author><author>Rajiv Kale</author><author>Vijay Mahajan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Onion growers face multifaceted challenges, including climate variability, varietal limitations, and agronomic constraints, among which weed infestation remains a major yield-limiting factor. However, weed management strategies with consistent performance across growing seasons are not well established. Therefore, the present study evaluated integrated weed management approaches involving pre-emergence herbicides followed by sequential post-emergence herbicide applications, polyethylene mulching, manual weeding, or other post-emergence interventions across two varieties and three contrasting seasons (post-rainy, winter, and rainy). Among all treatments, pendimethalin followed by polyethylene mulching (T5) consistently achieved the highest weed control efficiency (WCE), comparable to the weed-free control (T8). This performance was attributed to the physical barrier effect of mulch, which effectively suppressed weed emergence during the critical crop-weed competition period (30–60 days after transplanting). Consequently, T5 enhanced canopy development and bulb yield, increasing marketable yield by 49-54% (post-rainy), 43-90% (winter), and 388-499% (rainy) compared to the weedy check (T9), without increasing bulb rot incidence under high-moisture conditions. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in substantial yield losses (35% to >70%), with the greatest impact during the rainy season. Economic analysis revealed that pendimethalin followed by polyethylene mulching translated into higher net returns and favorable benefit-cost ratios across seasons. Weed flora exhibited seasonal variation, with dicot dominance in post-rainy and winter seasons and monocot predominance during the rainy season, highlighting the need for season-specific weed management strategies. Correspondingly, herbicide performance varied across seasons: pendimethalin followed by propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (T1) was more effective in post-rainy and winter seasons, whereas pendimethalin followed by clodinafop-propargyl + oxyfluorfen (T3) performed better during the rainy season. Multivariate and correlation analyses revealed that bulb yield was primarily driven by early weed suppression (WCE at 30 and 60 DAT) and improved morphological and canopy traits rather than biochemical parameters. Integrating pre-emergence pendimethalin with polyethylene mulching provides a robust weed management strategy across diverse production environments. This approach offers a sustainable alternative to herbicide-only programs, particularly for rainy-season onion cultivation. Nevertheless, further research on mulch-specific agronomic practices, multi-location validation, and long-term ecological impacts is essential to fully realize the potential of plasticulture-based systems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1885332</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1885332</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Perennial ryegrass responses to contrasting phosphorus fertilizer sources: nutrient dynamics and root system architecture assessed by X-ray micro-computed tomography]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Katrin Kuka</author><author>Mayka Schmitt Rahner</author><author>Paul Keßeler</author><author>Sylvia Kratz</author><author>Elke Bloem</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAlthough recycled phosphorus (P) fertilizers may contribute to circular nutrient management, their agronomic performance depends on how nutrient release dynamics align with plant demand, which affects biomass production and root development.MethodsIn a two-cut pot experiment with Lolium perenne grown in a P-poor sandy substrate, we compared an unfertilized control (P0), struvite (STR - a recycled P fertilizer), and triple superphosphate (TSP - a highly soluble mineral P source) with respect to P supply. We assessed dry matter yield, nutrient uptake, plant nutrient status, forage quality, and root system architecture, the latter examined using non-destructive X-ray micro-computed tomography.ResultsTreatment responses were strongly time-dependent. In the first cut, STR produced a significantly higher dry matter yield than P0 (2.22 vs. 1.87 t ha−¹), while not differing significantly from TSP, despite having a lower nitrogen (N) concentration and uptake than P0 and TSP. These results suggest a temporal dissociation between early biomass formation and N acquisition, which may partly reflect differences in N source and availability between treatments. STR also increased P uptake relative to the P0 treatment (7.74 vs. 6.25 kg ha−¹), though values remained below those of TSP (9.41 kg ha−¹). In contrast, TSP promoted stronger early root development, as evidenced by greater total root volume and greater root surface area in coarser diameter classes than P0. STR, however, showed reduced fine-root volume compared to P0. By the second cut, nutrient concentrations declined across treatments. Differences in P uptake between STR and TSP decreased, and most root traits converged. Across both cuts, root volume and surface area remained concentrated in the upper substrate layers.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that STR effectively functions as a recycled P fertilizer, supporting high initial biomass production and improved P acquisition relative to P0. Notably, its response pattern differs from that of TSP, characterized by slower nutrient delivery, weaker regrowth, and less pronounced early root proliferation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1888848</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1888848</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biologically activated biochars enhance soil chemical–biological functioning and Lolium perenne yield in contrasting soils]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>J. M. Matamoros</author><author>C. Muñoz</author><author>E. Zagal</author><author>M. A. Sanchez-Monedero</author><author>N. Escalona</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil responses to biochar depend not only on feedstock origin but also on interactions between biochar architecture, biological activation, and soil mineral composition. This study evaluated how biological activation pathways modify the chemical and biochemical responses of two contrasting soils amended with biochars derived from rice hulls and cherry pruning residues. Biochars were biologically activated through Lumbricus terrestris, vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida, and bokashi fermentation, then applied at rates ranging from 0.5 to 2.0% (w/w) to a volcanic Andisol and a Mediterranean Alfisol cultivated with Lolium perenne L. under controlled conditions. Soil chemical properties, forage yield, and enzyme activities associated with C, N, and P cycling were evaluated as indicators of soil functionality. Responses differed markedly according to soil type and activation strategy. In Andisol, bokashi-activated cherry pruning biochar applied at 1.5% promoted the highest forage yield, together with greater total N retention, improved nutrient availability, and differentiated enzymatic responses. These responses were particularly evident in treatments receiving the highly porous and chemically reactive cherry pruning biochar. In Alfisol, biologically activated biochar mitigated SOC depletion and stimulated nutrient-related enzymatic activity, although responses remained more variable than in Andisol. Principal component analysis explained 88.6% of the total variance, while Pearson correlation analysis revealed clear associations between enzymatic responses, nutrient dynamics, and soil physicochemical context. The results indicate that the effectiveness of biologically activated biochars depends on the interaction between pore architecture, surface reactivity, and soil type, highlighting the need for soil-specific biochar design strategies to improve soil functionality and agricultural sustainability.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1831957</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1831957</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biological strategies to maximize nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency in grain sorghum with Trichoderma harzianum]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Cintia da Silva de Oliveira</author><author>Rikelme Matheus dos Santos Relvas</author><author>Rithielly Machado Rodrigues de Araújo</author><author>Cecília Leão Pereira Resende</author><author>Luciana Maria da Silva</author><author>Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa</author><author>Fabricio Rodrigues</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Chemical fertilization is essential for increasing yields in various crops, including Sorghum bicolor. Currently, there is increasing interest in sustainable alternatives, such as microbial-based biostimulants. Among the most widely used microorganisms, Trichoderma spp. are well-known plant growth-promoting fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological strategies for reducing fertilizer use in grain sorghum through the application of Trichoderma harzianum combined with varying rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Two experiments were conducted at the State University of Goiás, in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design was a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with five replications. In the nitrogen experiment, stabilized urea (N45) and conventional urea were applied, with or without T. harzianum, at nitrogen rates of 50, 70, 90, 110, and 130 kg N ha-1. In the phosphorus experiment, stabilized phosphorus sources (P35) and single superphosphate were applied at rates of 10, 80, 150, 220, and 290 kg P2O5 ha-1. The evaluated variables included plant height, relative chlorophyll content, days to flowering, stem diameter, fresh stem mass, fresh leaf mass, and dry grain mass. The treatment with stabilized urea (N45) combined with T. harzianum (T2) exhibited higher dry grain mass at the maximum nitrogen rate (130 kg N ha-1), which was associated with higher photosynthetic activity, greater consistency of stem diameter growth, and increased leaf mass compared to the conventional urea treatment (T3). In the phosphorus experiment, treatment T2 (stabilized phosphorus – P35 combined with T. harzianum) exhibited the highest dry grain mass at 290 kg P2O5 ha-1. In this case, the increase in grain yield was attributed to higher photosynthetic activity, greater plant height and stem diameter, and increased fresh stem and leaf mass, despite fewer days to flowering, compared with T3 (single superphosphate).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1894667</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1894667</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable control of pests and Striga weed through intensified push-pull technology and frass-based soil amendments]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Evanson R. Omuse</author><author>Honest Machekano</author><author>Daniel M. Mutyambai</author><author>Dennis Beesigamukama</author><author>Chrysantus M. Tanga</author><author>Samwel O. Ogaji</author><author>Sevgan Subramanian</author><author>Frank Chidawanyika</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Crop productivity under African smallholder farming systems is faced by numerous challenges, including insect pests, weeds, low soil fertility, and climate change. Sustainable intensification, such as push-pull (PP) technology and vegetable-integrated push-pull (VIPP) technology, coupled with soil organic amendments such as black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF), can address these agricultural constraints. We investigated the individual and synergistic effects of cropping systems comprising two crops [maize (DK777 variety) and cowpea (KVU27 variety)] and agroecological strategies (PP, VIPP and BSFFF) on the management of pests and Striga weeds and crop productivity in three different geographical areas. Diversified cropping systems (PP and VIPP) resulted in a 54% and 33% reduction of foliar damage by fall armyworm and stem borer, respectively, translating to significantly lower ear damage by these pests. Diversified cropping systems also significantly reduced Striga weed infestation on maize plants by at least 45%. The populations of aphids, thrips, pod-sucking bugs and leafminers on cowpeas significantly reduced by about 69%, 63%, 44% and 25%, respectively, in diversified cropping systems. Predatory beetles showed density-dependent responses, with the highest numbers observed in cowpea monocrops compared to cowpea in the diversified cropping systems. Diversified cropping systems and BSFFF improved crop yield, translating to economic benefits of at least 51% and 23%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that diversified cropping systems can reduce pest pressure, Striga weed infestation and reliance on chemical inputs while maintaining crop productivity. Therefore, integrating diversified cropping systems with frass-based soil amendments provides a strong pathway for improving the productivity and economic benefits of cereal crops (maize) and vegetables (cowpea) in smallholder farming systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1819085</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1819085</link>
        <title><![CDATA[RNAi-based management of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus: opportunities, challenges, and research priorities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Apurva Vikas Sabnis</author><author>Éricmar Avila dos Santos</author><author>Triin Kallavus</author><author>Riina Kaasik</author><author>Silva Vilumets</author><author>Kristof De Schutter</author><author>Eve Veromann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising, highly specific and environmentally sustainable strategy for pest management. Given the urgent need for a targeted and effective solution against the cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW) Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), a major pest of oilseed rape, RNAi-based management offers a promising opportunity. This review explores the application of RNAi within the Curculionidae family, with a focus on CSW, and evaluates the key challenges in implementation. A major barrier to effective RNAi in CSW is ensuring the stability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) until it reaches its target site. We examine the factors influencing dsRNA stability and their implications for RNAi efficacy. In addition, we discuss strategies for selecting suitable target genes and highlight potential candidate genes for silencing in CSW. Species-specific traits of CSW, including exoskeletal structure and feeding behavior, are also considered for their impact on dsRNA uptake and RNAi efficacy. While RNAi holds great potential, overcoming biological and technical barriers will be essential for optimizing RNAi-based control. This review provides insights into these challenges and outlines future directions for advancing RNAi-based pest management. By addressing current limitations and improving methodologies, RNAi can become a promising and sustainable method for controlling CSW populations.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1773812</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1773812</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Performance of multitier fruit-based agroforestry under deficit irrigation in semi-arid Rajasthan, India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>A. Keerthika</author><author>A. K. Shukla</author><author>Kamla K. Choudhary</author><author>R. S. Mehta</author><author>M. B. Noor Mohamed</author><author>Arvind Singh Tetarwal</author><author>Seeta Ram Meena</author><author>Vijay Singh Meena</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSemi-arid regions are highly fragile, with erratic rainfall and high evapotranspiration limiting agricultural productivity. Multitier agroforestry (MTA) offers a resilient land-use strategy by integrating trees, fruit crops, and grasses to optimize land, water, and nutrient use. Materials and methodsThe experiment was carried out from 2022 to 2024 at the ICAR–Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Pali Marwar, Rajasthan, India, to evaluate growth, yield, and soil physico-chemical properties in an MTA system comprising Ber var Gola (Zizyphus sp.), Dragon fruit (Selenicereus polyrhizus), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Papaya (Carica papaya) under three drip irrigation levels (1.0, 0.8, and 0.6 cumulative pan evapotranspiration, CPE) using saline water (Electrical conductivity, EC: 4.5 dSm-1).Results and discussionDragon fruit exhibited the highest survival and growth (96.54%), while Moringa and Papaya exhibited poor performance due to elevated EC and residual effect of previous land-management practices (flood irrigation). Dragon fruit growth and yield responded positively to irrigation, with maximum dragon fruit weight (301 g fruit-1) under 1 CPE, representing a 43.33% increase over 0.6 CPE. However, higher mean ber yield was observed under 0.6 CPE (22.68 kg plant-1), representing an 8.15% increase over 0.8 CPE (20.97 kg plant-1). Soil analysis indicated a decline of 28.75% in available nitrogen (181.34 kgha-1), 8.76 % increase in potassium (213.18 kg ha-1) compared to initial N value (227.45 kg ha-1; 196 kg ha-1). The highest EC was observed under 1CPE (2.56 dSm-1) followed by 0.9 CPE (1.39 dSm-1). The study demonstrates that integrating moderately salt-tolerant species like dragon fruit with optimized irrigation under saline conditions enhance and improve the productivity of semi-arid multitier agroforestry systems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1861055</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1861055</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cultivar response in starch potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under mineral and organic P fertilisation: a 2-year assessment within a long-term field experiment]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Julian Kirchgesser</author><author>Mousumi Hazarika</author><author>Silvia Bachmann-Pfabe</author><author>Bettina Eichler-Löbermann</author><author>Klaus J. Dehmer</author><author>Mareike Kavka</author><author>Ralf Uptmoor</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Phosphorus (P) is essential for starch potato production, particularly during critical growth stages from tuber initiation through bulking. At the same time, finite mineral P reserves and environmental concerns associated with P losses to water bodies highlight the need for more efficient P management strategies. This study investigated how mineral and organic P fertiliser treatments, cultivar choice, and seasonal conditions influence soil-test P, rhizosphere phosphatase activity, plant P status, and yield formation in starch potato, using a 2-year field study (2020–2021) within a long-term field experiment on P management established in 1998 in northeastern Germany. Two cultivars (cv. Cardoso, cv. Kuba) were grown under six P fertiliser treatments: control (no organic or mineral P input), triple superphosphate (TSP), biomass ash, cattle manure, cattle manure + TSP, and biowaste compost. Yield formation was significantly affected by year and cultivar, whereas fertiliser treatment had only minor and inconsistent effects on yield and plant P uptake. Main-harvest tuber yield decreased from 53.1 t ha−1 in 2020 to 43.5 t ha−1 in 2021. In contrast, soil-test P responded clearly to P management, indicating differences in soil P status without proportional yield gains. Rhizosphere phosphatase activity varied mainly with year and cultivar rather than fertiliser treatment. Cv. Kuba generally achieved higher tuber and starch yields, particularly in 2021, whereas cv. Cardoso showed higher rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity in 2021. These results suggest that contrasting long-term P fertilisation histories clearly modified soil-test P but did not translate into proportional differences in tuber or starch yield during the two potato growing seasons. Yield formation was driven mainly by year and cultivar, with cv. Kuba maintaining higher tuber and starch yield particularly in 2021. Under these site conditions, cultivar choice and soil-test-based P management therefore appeared more relevant for resource-efficient starch potato production than additional P input alone, whilst regular soil testing remains necessary to avoid both soil P depletion and excessive accumulation.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1868962</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1868962</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quinoa pest management across continents: lessons from Andean systems and emerging production systems in North America]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Adrianna Szczepaniec</author><author>Luis Cruces</author><author>Neha Panwar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quinoa has expanded rapidly beyond its Andean center of origin because of its high nutritional value and tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses. However, as production has spread into new agroecosystems, quinoa has also been exposed to novel pest complexes that threaten sustainable production and require regionally adapted integrated pest management (IPM). In this Perspective, we contrast pest pressures and IPM development in long-established Andean production systems with those emerging in North America, with emphasis on how crop expansion reshapes herbivore communities and management needs. In the Andes, quinoa has a long co-evolutionary history with key pests, and management has developed within diversified, low-input systems that rely heavily on cultural control and compatibility with natural enemies. In contrast, quinoa production in the United States is relatively recent, and its pest complex is still assembling. We highlight parallels and contrasts between these regions and discuss how tools such as phenology models, cultural tactics, host plant resistance, conservation biological control, pheromone-based monitoring, and endophytic entomopathogenic fungi may strengthen quinoa IPM across production systems. We also identify persistent gaps that limit progress across both long-established and emerging quinoa production systems, including underdeveloped economic thresholds, limited predictive frameworks, and insufficient understanding of natural enemy contributions. Rather than attempting a comprehensive global review of quinoa pests, this Perspective uses quinoa as a comparative case study to examine how pest complexes and IPM needs differ between long-established Andean production systems and newer production regions, especially in North America.]]></description>
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