Oscar Palomares ¹ Carolina Cisneros ² Francisco J. Ortiz De Frutos ³ José M. Villacampa ⁴ Ignacio Dávila ^5*

• ¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
• ² Pneumology Department, La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
• ³ Dermatology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
• ⁴ ENT Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Asturias, Spain
• ⁵ University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Dysregulation of type 2 (T2) immune response leads to an aberrant inflammatory reaction that constitutes the pathophysiological basis of diseases involving various organs. For this reason, several disorders can coexist in a single patient; however, as different specialists often treat these pathologies, T2 dysregulation, particularly when mild, is not always the first diagnostic suspicion. A breakdown in interdisciplinary communication or the lack of adequate tools to detect these entities can delay diagnosis, and this, together with a lack of coordination, can lead to suboptimal care. In this context, a multidisciplinary group of specialists in pneumology, immunology, allergology, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology compiled a list of the cardinal symptoms reported by patients presenting with T2 inflammation-related diseases: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, IgE-mediated food allergy, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic oesophagitis, and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). Using this information, we propose a simple, patient-friendly questionnaire that can be administered at any level of care to initially screen patients for suspected coexisting T2 diseases and referral to the appropriate specialist.