AUTHOR=Arredondo-Hernandez Rene , Siebe Christina , Castillo-Rojas Gonzalo , Ponce de León Samuel , López-Vidal Yolanda 

TITLE=The synergistic interaction of systemic inflammation, dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance promotes growth restriction in children with acute severe malnutrition: An emphasis on Escherichia coli

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Antibiotics

VOLUME=Volume 1 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/antibiotics/articles/10.3389/frabi.2022.1001717

DOI=10.3389/frabi.2022.1001717

ISSN=2813-2467

ABSTRACT=A healthy development is denied to millions of children worldwide as harsh life conditions manifest in an altered inflammation-prone microbiome crosstalk environment. Keynote of this tragedy is that insufficient nutritious-amino acid blocks, lipids-intake to sustain diverse microbiota, promotes the generalist strategy followed by Escherichia coli -besides other proteobacteria- of shifting gut metabolism, subverting the site specificity of first immune reaction. Furthermore, it could be hypothesized that selective success lies over their ability to induce inflammation, since this phenomenon also fuels horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In this review, immune mechanism of environmental enteric dysfunction effect overgrowth restriction, infectious morbidity rate, and acquired lifelong risks among severe acute malnutrition children are dilucidated. Also, despite acknowledging complexities of antimicrobial resistant enrichment, we explore and speculate over the links between virulence regulation and HGT as an indissociable part in the quest for new inflammatory niches by open genome bacteria, particularly when both collide in the most vulnerable.