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        <title>Frontiers in Antibiotics | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/antibiotics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Antibiotics | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-12T05:56:38.82+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1769369</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1769369</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Antimycobacterial peptides as natural therapeutics for tuberculosis: mechanisms and structural features]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Pulak Pritam</author><author>Sreelipta Das</author><author>Sandeep Kumar Behera</author><author>Monali Sahoo</author><author>Lopamudra Subudhi</author><author>Shibani Mohapatra</author><author>Alok Kumar Panda</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The disease tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes of global human mortality. The rise of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains of the pathogen and the limited efficacy of the BCG vaccine is one of the major concerns worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy for tuberculosis is often very long and has several side effects. These factors lead to an urgent need for alternative, non-toxic therapeutic strategies with minimal side effects. Antimycobacterial peptides (AMPs), are a class of natural compounds that have shown a broad spectrum of anti-mycobacterial activity with a low propensity for the development of anti-mycobacterial resistance. This review summarizes the current antimycobacterial peptides, highlighting their structural features, physicochemical determinants, and their mechanism of action. Some of the key peptides have been critically discussed with respect to their membrane targeting mechanism. The role of structural modifications, such as disulfide bonding, cyclization, hydrophobicity tuning, and post-translational modifications, in enhancing antimycobacterial efficacy and stability is also examined. Consequently, the broad mechanism of action of these peptides and their role in the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs have been emphasized. This article combines mechanistic and structural insights to show how antimycobacterial peptides could become new anti-TB drugs. It also provides a guide for developing and improving peptide therapies for tuberculosis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767602</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767602</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microbial interactions of EDTA: recent advances and biological applications in the context of natural product modulation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Gunanidhi Sahoo</author><author>Aditi Jena</author><author>Sudipta Kumar Patra</author><author>Sujogya Kumar Panda</author><author>Satyanarayan Pal</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Background and objectivesEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts have been the choice of chelating agents since the 1940s. This review presents an updated details of their synthesis, general biology, ecotoxicological aspects, and applications as antimicrobial and antibacterial agents in combination with natural products.MethodsRelevant research papers were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through November 2025. Experimental uses of EDTA were excluded. The search terms used were “EDTA” AND “ECOTOXICOLOGY”; “EDTA” AND “GENOTOXICITY”; “EDTA” AND “ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY”; “EDTA” AND “ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY” AND “DENTAL” and “EDTA” AND “ANTICANCER ACTIVITY”, “EDTA IN COMBINATION WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS”.ResultsSodium/calcium salts of EDTA are water soluble, and their antiseptic efficacy is pH-dependent. They are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic yeasts, and adversely affect bacterial cell walls, thereby destabilizing biofilms. Multiple nature-derived compounds and standard antibiotics, in combination with EDTA and other therapeutic agents, minimize biofilms in intravascular and urinary catheters. It chelates various metal ions (including heavy metals) into a redox-inactive state, and thereby reduce their toxicity. Furthermore, it was shown to enhance the antimicrobial and antibacterial efficacy of various natural therapeutics when used together.Interpretation and conclusionsEDTA is a stable, readily available, affordable and comparatively safer chelating agent with antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. EDTA is now found to produce a synergistic effect when combined with natural therapeutics on their antimicrobial/antibiofilm activities. This approach proved fruitful in enhancing the capabilities of natural antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria and in reducing the toxic effects of EDTA.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1815611</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1815611</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Translational barriers to phage endolysin deployment for antimicrobial resistance control in Africa]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Anayochukwu Chibuike Ngene</author><author>Michael Ndubuisi Umeh</author><author>Maryjoy Chioma Ibeh</author><author>Ekene Samuel Odo</author><author>Chinedu Godspower Ohaegbu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a rapidly escalating threat to public health, food security, and environmental sustainability across Africa, where limited diagnostic capacity, unregulated antibiotic use, and weak pharmaceutical pipelines exacerbate treatment failures. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins have emerged globally as promising next-generation antimicrobials due to their rapid bacteriolytic activity, low resistance potential, and modular engineering flexibility. Despite significant advances in endolysin discovery, engineering, and clinical translation worldwide, their deployment in Africa remains negligible. This disparity raises a critical question: why have phage endolysins not progressed beyond early-stage research in Africa despite their relevance to the continent’s AMR burden? This review provides a critical analysis of the translational barriers hindering the development, adoption, and commercialization of phage endolysins for AMR control in Africa. Drawing on published African and global literature, we identify interconnected scientific, infrastructural, regulatory, economic, and policy-related constraints that limit progress from laboratory discovery to real-world application. Key barriers include limited genomic and protein engineering capacity, absence of regional phage and endolysin repositories, inadequate biosafety and regulatory frameworks for biologics, dependence on imported reagents and expression systems, and weak integration of lysin technologies into national AMR and One Health action plans. We further highlight a mismatch between globally prioritized lysin targets and Africa’s dominant clinical, agricultural, and environmental pathogens. By reframing the African endolysin landscape through a translational failure lens, this review moves beyond descriptive summaries to propose actionable pathways for overcoming these barriers. We outline strategic priorities for capacity building, regulatory harmonization, funding mechanisms, and regional collaboration necessary to enable Africa’s participation in the global endolysin pipeline. Addressing these translational bottlenecks is essential for ensuring equitable access to lysin-based antimicrobials and for positioning Africa as an active contributor to next-generation AMR solutions rather than a passive end-user.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1760862</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1760862</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Simultaneous measurement of 16S-rRNA and pre-16S-rRNA as a strategy to monitor clinical tuberculosis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Evelin Dombay</author><author>Wilber Sabiiti</author><author>Daniela Alferes de Lima Headley</author><author>M. Bonifác Légrády</author><author>Nina van Campen</author><author>Sanne Zweijpfennig</author><author>Martin J. Boeree</author><author>Derek J. Sloan</author><author>Stephen H. Gillespie</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundCulture-based biomarkers of TB treatment response monitoring, e.g., Mycobacterial Growth Indicatory Tube (MGIT), are compromised when bacteria enter a non-replicating persister phase limiting the measurement of antibiotic efficacy and resistance. Understanding how antibiotic exposure to antibiotics alters bacterial physiology could help develop more effective TB therapies. We developed a novel assay with simultaneous measurement of 16S rRNA (bacterial burden) and its precursor, pre-16S rRNA (metabolic activity), and tested it on samples from patients in a trial of optimised-dose rifampicin.MethodsWe developed a multiplex reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assay (RT-qPCR) to measure relative gene expression of pre-16S rRNA and 16S rRNA in pre-treatment (control) and sequential samples from patients in the Phase II HIGHRIF2 (NCT00760149) clinical trial. We constructed a mathematical model to assess changes in pre-16S gene expression relative to 16S rRNA over time, facilitating the comparison of rifampicin doses’ efficacy.FindingsIn a retrospective study of 19 patients, pre-16S rRNA and 16S rRNA decreased steadily during the initial 36 days of treatment. This was evidenced by the rising cycle threshold (Cq) values slope 0.404 and 0.212, respectively, however, pre-16S rRNA decreased significantly quicker (P<0.0001). The changes in the relative gene expression of pre-16S rRNA during treatment fitted a double exponential decay curve (R2 = 0.996). According to this model, 1200 mg RIF-containing therapy exerted the most potent and rapid impact on pre-16S rRNA expression (Maximum suppression (Rmin)=1.694, T (time) =9.78 days), and also resulted in the swiftest daily reduction in bacterial load (–0.072 log10 CFU ml-1/day).InterpretationThe pre-16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene expression multiplex PCR reported here provides an easy to use and rapid marker of drug efficacy and has potential to assess the efficacy of existing or novel drug combinations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1745965</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1745965</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Awareness and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance among livestock farmers in Northern Uganda]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>John Dickens Kato</author><author>Peace Okello Lamaro</author><author>John Paul Waiswa</author><author>Grace Madraa</author><author>Donald Otika</author><author>Morrish Obol Okello</author><author>Daniel S. Ebbs</author><author>Pebalo Francis Pebolo</author><author>Felix Bongomin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAntimicrobial use in animals may contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which poses direct risks to animal health and welfare and can potentially impact human health since some diseases affect both animals and people. This study determined the level of awareness regarding AMR among livestock farmers in Northern Uganda.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among livestock farmers in three districts of Northern Uganda, namely, Gulu, Omoro, and Amuru districts. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data.ResultsData from 246 participants, with a median age of 38 years (interquartile range: 29–50 years), were analyzed. Most farmers had attained a primary level of education (n = 125, 50.8%) and grew crops as their major economic activity (n = 88, 35.8%). Goats were the most commonly reared animals (n = 167, 67.7%). The median distance from the nearest drug shop was 2 km (interquartile range: 1–5 km). Most farmers had good awareness on AMR (158, 64.2%), with more than half of the farmers (n = 134, 54.5%) having heard of AMR, but only 48 (35.8%) understood its correct meaning. Most farmers (n = 220, 89.4%) noted AMR as an important issue in farming, with many farmers (n = 133, 54.5%) opting to seek veterinary advice for prevention. Most farmers had appropriate AMU (219, 89.0%), with 203 (82.5%) having used antimicrobials in the last 12 months. Most farmers (n = 184, 74.8%) obtained drugs and dosage from veterinary doctors, with majority following the recommended dosage (n = 227, 92.3%) and proper withdrawal periods (n = 221, 89.8%). Overall, few farmers (n = 81, 32.9%) received training on AMR, with more than half getting training from veterinary professionals (n = 41, 55.4%). The major source of information was veterinary professionals (n = 181, 73.6%), followed by radio stations (n = 160, 65.0%). Using logistic regression where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, secondary education was the only factor significantly influencing AMR awareness at multivariable analysis (aOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.80–4.26, P = 0.030), while age group 52–85 years was the only factor significantly associated with appropriate practices at both bivariate analysis (cOR: 8.10, 95% CI: 1.07–61.37, P = 0.043) and multivariable analysis with a stronger significance (aOR: 11.19, 95% CI: 1.50–83.36, P = 0.018). A chi-square analysis was done where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and it showed that there was a significant difference to access to veterinary services across districts (P = 0.014) and a highly significant association between training and appropriate practices in farmers (X2 (1) = 13.048, P = 0.000).ConclusionMost livestock farmers had limited understanding of what AMR precisely means, which highlights a significant knowledge gap.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1764314</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1764314</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Traditional medicine and natural product based therapeutics in gingivitis management and microbial interactions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Pranita Rath</author><author>Sudipta Kumar Patra</author><author>Manisha Dash</author><author>Sandeep Kumar Behera</author><author>Shibani Mohapatra</author><author>Kabir Suman Dash</author><author>Alok Kumar Panda</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of gingival tissues and is majorly driven by the formation and accumulation of microbial biofilm. Untreated gingivitis often leads to periodontitis and ultimate tooth loss. The management of gingivitis through conventional methods relies mainly on the use of chemical antiseptics and antibiotics and the removal of plaque. However, the long-term use of the chemicals and antibiotics may alter the microflora and may also lead to antimicrobial resistance. This has led to increased interest in the usage of natural products-based herbal and traditional medicine as safer alternative medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of gingivitis with an emphasis on the microbial interaction and conversion of the microflora as the disease progresses. It evaluates the potential of major medicinal plants and their bioactive components used to cure the disease gingivitis. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-healing mechanisms of these medicinal plants are discussed alongside evidence from clinical trials. The review further highlights the limitations, such as the lack of standardized formulations and dosage variability differences among the various traditional and herbal medicinal practitioners, which prevents universal adoption of traditional medicine for treating gingivitis. In addition, advanced technologies such as the use of artificial intelligence for developing odontonutraceuticals, and next-generation polyherbal have also been explored. This review established the traditional and herbal medicine as an effective strategy for treating and managing gingivitis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1766594</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1766594</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Antimicrobial peptides: emerging next-generation strategy for sustainable plant disease management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Dipayan Das</author><author>Tasqeen Khan</author><author>Jinkee Kalita</author><author>Sarvesh Rustagi</author><author>Sujogya Kumar Panda</author><author>Niraj Singh</author><author>Yugal Kishore Mohanta</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Plant diseases reduce agricultural productivity worldwide, and this decline is further accelerated by climate variability, monoculture cultivation systems, and the excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals. Overuse of chemical (synthetic) pesticides in agriculture results in ecological stress, including loss of beneficial microbes. As a solution, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are viable natural alternative to antibiotics and pesticides, due to their potent, broad-spectrum, and targeted properties, as well as their low susceptibility to the development of resistance. As small cationic amphipathic molecules found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, these AMPs are known to modulate membrane permeabilisation, disrupt intracellular systems, and stimulate the immune response. The AMP defence system depends on the highly interconnected gene network that supports efficient signal transmission and tightly coordinated gene clusters that support systematic responses to pathogen attack. These molecules can be considered as attractive biocidal agents due to their ability to target microbial membranes and cause rapid cell death, thereby having potential as broad-spectrum biocontrol agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs are also effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In plants, AMP families such as defensins, thionins, cyclotides, LTPs (lipid transfer proteins), snakins, and hevein-like peptides act as constitutive “natural antibiotics” which are involved in activating defensive signalling cascades upon pathogen infection. Microbial AMPs, such as bacteriocins, suppress pathogenic and spoilage bacteria by forming pores and inhibiting cell wall synthesis. At the same time, lipopeptides promote beneficial biofilms and plant defence pathways without direct toxicity. Progress in molecular biology, computational modelling, and synthetic biology has revealed the discovery, engineering, and optimisation of AMPs for agriculture. This review summarises the mechanisms of antibiotic mimicry by AMPs and discusses their structural and functional diversity, as well as their potential applications in sustainable plant disease management. The present study also evaluated AMPs as an alternative to chemical pesticides and antimicrobial agents, offering an environmentally compatible, durable, and efficient approach to preventing plant diseases.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1773630</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1773630</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy of a novel thermo-reversible wound gel against antibiotic tolerant biofilm]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jeyachchandran Visvalingam</author><author>Anna Muzaleva</author><author>Miloslav Sailer</author><author>Sarvesh Logsetty</author><author>Robert B. Huizinga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Chronic wounds are frequently colonized by biofilm-forming bacteria, and one of the defining characteristics of these infections is the resulting tolerance to antibiotics. A novel thermo-reversible antimicrobial wound gel (revyve® Antimicrobial Wound Gel, TRG), formulated to target biofilms, was evaluated for its ability to inactivate antibiotic-tolerant biofilms using both a colony biofilm model and a porcine skin explant biofilm model. Mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown on nitrocellulose membranes or porcine skin explants for 72 hours at 37 °C. Before any treatment, viable numbers of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were ≥ 9.7 log CFU in the colony biofilm model, and 8.3 and 6.6 log CFU, respectively, in the porcine skin explant model. Biofilms were then washed and treated with defined concentrations of antibiotics for 24 hours to select for antibiotic-tolerant cells, followed by up to 7 days of TRG treatment. Antibiotic treatment caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in viable numbers of both organisms in both models, resulting in survival of ≥ 5 log CFU of tolerant biofilm cells. Subsequent treatment with TRG reduced viable numbers of S. aureus to below detection limits, causing a 7.9 log CFU reduction at 24 hours in the colony biofilm model and a 5.5 log CFU reduction at 72 hours in the porcine skin explant model. In the colony biofilm model, viable numbers of P. aeruginosa were reduced to below the detection limit, corresponding to a 6.1 log CFU reduction at 24 hours, while in the porcine skin explant model, TRG caused a 3.5 log CFU reduction at 72 hours, with no further changes observed up to 7 days. These results indicate that TRG was effective at inactivating antibiotic-tolerant biofilms and may serve as a valuable tool in combating biofilms in chronic wounds.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1748877</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1748877</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Inclusion of patient-centered, non-microbiological endpoints and biomarkers in tuberculosis drug trials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Andrew R. DiNardo</author><author>Wilbert Sabiiti</author><author>Stephen H. Gillespie</author><author>Sophia B. Georghiou</author><author>Norbert Heinrich</author><author>Norbert Hittel</author><author>Sami Taghlabi</author><author>Danna Carrero Longlax</author><author>Mikashmi Kohli</author><author>Ursula Panzner</author><author>Collins Musia</author><author>Christoph Lange</author><author>Anca Vasiliu</author><author>Rob J. W. Arts</author><author>Anna M. Mandalakas</author><author>Morten Ruhwald</author><author>Lieven J. Stuyver</author><author>Reinout van Crevel</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1768331</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1768331</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Beyond antibiotics: the expanding horizon of microbial natural products]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Suchitra Ku Panigrahy</author><author>Amrita kumari Panda</author><author>Aseem Kerketa</author><author>Rojita Mishra</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The continuous use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens, posing a significant threat to both human and animal health. This necessitates exploring alternative solutions to combat this growing resistance. Natural products offer a viable alternative for microbial modulation, exhibiting diverse antibacterial processes and the capacity to modify microbial communities and biofilms. These compounds show potential as supplementary agents against resistant infections. Natural products derived from microbes are utilized as biofertilizers and biopesticides, enhancing crop yield and controlling plant pathogens, thereby offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial for combating fish-associated pathogens, reducing mortality rates in the aquaculture industry. Various bacteriocins, are used as food preservatives to inhibit spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms proving their potential in the food industry. In this review, the potential role of natural products from microbes in the food, agriculture, and aquaculture industry sectors has been elucidated. The challenges and prospects were also discussed to provide a foundation for identifying new research opportunities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1788766</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1788766</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Emerging trends in phage therapeutics to overcome antibiotic resistance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>William Calero-Cáceres</author><author>Ankush Gupta</author><author>Anju Kaushal</author><author>Paul Hyman</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767028</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767028</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overcoming Candida biofilm resistance: targeting persister cells with probiotic-derived metabolites]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Priyanka Debta</author><author>Binaya Krushna Sahu</author><author>Sudipta Kumar Patra</author><author>Fakir Mohan Debta</author><author>Ekagrata Mishra</author><author>Sujogya Kumar Panda</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Candida biofilms pose a significant complication in clinical settings due to antifungal drug tolerance and the presence of persister cells. Biofilm-mediated resistance is influenced by several associated factors, including the high density and extracellular matrix characteristics of the biofilm, metabolic downregulation, efflux pump activity, and stress-response signaling pathways, which ultimately diminish drug permeability and effectiveness. Within biofilms, persister cells form a small subpopulation of cells with unique phenotypic traits that enable them to survive lethal antifungal exposure and promote the recurrence of infection. Failure of antifungal treatments in eliminating biofilm and their resilient communities suggests a need for new, adjunct treatment options Recent findings have highlighted the therapeutic potential of probiotic-derived metabolites for inhibiting certain aspects of biofilm behavior and survival. These postbiotic compounds could offer a multi-faceted, low-toxicity treatment approach that may be used as an adjunct with existing antifungal therapies. Future investigations incorporating mechanistic studies, biofilm models, and drug product development for metabolite formulations could lead to a new treatment strategy for persistent Candida infections.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1804100</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1804100</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Phage biobanks as enabling infrastructure for precision phage therapy in the era of antimicrobial resistance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Paulina Topa-Pila</author><author>Katheryne Y. Morales</author><author>Doménica P. Palacios-Mora</author><author>Cristina Flores-Hernández</author><author>Analía Altamirano-Cisneros</author><author>Joselyn Micaela Gavilanes</author><author>Keyla Villacís-López</author><author>Mirari Arancibia</author><author>Johanna Mora-Domínguez</author><author>William Calero-Cáceres</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767032</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1767032</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Natural product based approaches to overcome Candida glabrata and emerging AMR threats]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Binaya Krushna Sahu</author><author>Sudipta Kumar Patra</author><author>Mahesh Chandra Sahu</author><author>Sujogya Kumar Panda</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The rise of C. glabrata as a serious, multidrug-resistant organism poses a significant and global challenge to the human health. The reasons C. glabrata has developed resistance to standard antifungal drugs, include the activation of efflux pumps, the production of biofilms, and changes in ergosterol biosynthesis. In light of the threat posed by C. glabrata, the potential of phytochemicals as therapeutic alternatives should be considered due to their diverse structures and ability to exhibit more than one type of antifungal activity. This review summarizes advances in the use of plant-based natural products displaying antifungal activity against C. glabrata, with an emphasis on key classes of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and essential oils. While the proposed mechanisms include disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, attenuation of oxidative stress, and suppression of virulence and biofilm formation, it is important to note that most evidence arises from in vitro studies, with only limited mechanistic investigations on individual compounds. Although in vitro studies indicate promising antifungal and adjunctive effects, the available evidence remains largely preclinical, with variable synergistic outcomes. Such synergy not only enhances therapeutic efficacy but also reduces required drug dosages, thereby minimizing toxicity and delaying the emergence of resistance. Major limitations include inconsistency in phytochemical composition, insufficient pharmacokinetic data, and a lack of robust in vivo and clinical studies. This review critically integrates current knowledge, highlighting both the multi-target potential of phytochemicals against C. glabrata and the key challenges that must be addressed to enable realistic clinical translation. By prioritizing synergy-focused research, and methodological standardization, phytocompounds can be positioned not merely as standalone agents but as adjunctive modulators of antifungal resistance, paving the way for novel, effective, and sustainable therapeutic options against MDR C. glabrata.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1772871</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1772871</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Phage biobanks as enabling infrastructure for precision phage therapy in the era of antimicrobial resistance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Paulina Topa-Pila</author><author>Katheryne Y. Morales</author><author>Doménica P. Palacios-Mora</author><author>Cristina Flores-Hernández</author><author>Analía Altamirano-Cisneros</author><author>Joselyn Micaela Gavilanes</author><author>Keyla Villacís-López</author><author>Mirari Arancibia</author><author>Johanna Mora-Domínguez</author><author>William Calero-Cáceres</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy as a response to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has exposed a critical barrier to its scalable implementation: the lack of structured infrastructure to support precision phage deployment. Due to their narrow host specificity, bacteriophages require timely access to well-matched candidates, making ad hoc isolation and informal exchange insufficient for routine therapeutic use. In this Perspective, we argue that phage biobanks must be redefined as enabling infrastructure rather than passive repositories. We propose that next-generation phage biobanks should integrate curated biological diversity, systematic genomic and functional qualification, and predictive capacity to support rapid phage–host matching. Together, these elements transform biobanks into decision-support systems capable of informing translational applications under time-sensitive conditions. This infrastructural model is particularly relevant within a One Health framework, where resistant pathogens circulate across human, veterinary, agricultural, and environmental domains. Rather than reviewing methodologies, we outline conceptual principles to guide the design of phage biobanks as integrated, predictive, and sustainable assets. We contend that the future impact of phage therapy will depend less on individual phage discovery than on the development of interoperable biobank infrastructures that enable precision antimicrobial interventions at scale.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1632790</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2026.1632790</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Current status of antimicrobial resistance in Indian healthcare system: combating antimicrobial resistance with precision medicine]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ashish Shinde</author><author>Athira Mohan</author><author>Vani Mahathi Bulusu</author><author>Poonam Soni</author><author>Jitendra Singh</author><author>Sagar Khadanga</author><author>Ankur Joshi</author><author>Poongothai Venkatachalapathy</author><author>Rupinder Kaur Kanwar</author><author>Sonal Sekhar Miraj</author><author>Murali Munisamy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This review provides a unique perspective by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from Indian healthcare, with a particular emphasis on outpatient settings that are often overlooked in existing literature. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focus on hospital-acquired infections, this article explores the community dimension of AMR and its implications for public health. Furthermore, it introduces an innovative framework linking AMR mitigation strategies with precision medicine approaches, including pharmacogenomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics. By combining multi-omics insights with national surveillance data and stewardship initiatives, this review highlights the translational potential of personalized antimicrobial therapy tailored to the Indian healthcare ecosystem. This integrated perspective offers a novel direction for AMR research and policy, bridging the gap between genomic science and clinical application in resource-limited settings.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1692653</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1692653</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Activity of Biocidin® against microbial biofilms]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amy V. Mundanchira</author><author>Agnes Wong</author><author>Kristen Klos-Maki</author><author>Jocelyn Strand</author><author>Cláudia N. H. Marques</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Biofilms—microbial communities—are present throughout the environment and interact with humans as part of the resident microbiome or when causing infection and disease. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections, including those due to biofilms. However, antimicrobial tolerance and resistance are common traits of these microbial communities. Resistance to antimicrobials is now widespread, and the search for alternative treatments, such as plant- or herbal-derived extracts, essential oils, and honey, is on the rise. Here, we investigated the effect of Biocidin®, a botanical supplement, on biofilms of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. A single (bolus) dose of Biocidin® resulted in a significant decrease (> 2 Log) of biofilm and planktonic populations, while a 24-h continuous dose of 25% and 50% Biocidin® led to a typical biphasic killing curve, with the latter concentration resulting in biofilm eradication of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli. Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Biocidin® did not affect biofilm viability. Results from this work have implications for the use of Biocidin® as a treatment for biofilm-associated infections and as a supplement in natural medicine.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1700157</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1700157</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance and real-time PCR detection of blaKPC in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound infections in a tertiary care hospital]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bader S. Alotaibi</author><author>Farkhanda Syed</author><author>Fawaz M. Almufarriji</author><author>Bilal Ahmad Tantry</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae is a common Gram-negative bacterium frequently associated with wound infections. A major public health concern is the emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains, particularly those carrying the blaKPC gene. This study aimed to detect the blaKPC gene and to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from wound specimens in a tertiary care hospital in North India.MethodsA total of 1,080 wound swab specimens were collected between October 2023 and September 2024. The isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae using the VITEK-2 identification system and standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and broth microdilution, interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Carbapenemase production was assessed using the modified Hodge test. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), with 16S rRNA as the internal control, was employed to detect the blaKPC gene in isolates resistant to meropenem.ResultsOut of 560 K. pneumoniae isolates, 110 (19.6%) were resistant to meropenem. These resistant isolates also displayed high rates of multidrug resistance, with over 90% resistant to amikacin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, and cefazolin. The qPCR assay revealed that all 110 meropenem-resistant isolates carried the blaKPC gene, with PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 12 to 32. No amplification was observed in the meropenem-sensitive negative controls. The diagnostic performance of the qPCR assay demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99, confirming its high accuracy as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, 83.6% of the isolates harboring the blaKPC gene.ConclusionIn conclusion, K. pneumoniae isolates exhibit a concerning rate of carbapenem resistance mediated by the blaKPC gene. Antimicrobial stewardship and molecular surveillance are crucial for the prevention of the spread of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in clinical settings.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1688828</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1688828</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessment of antimicrobial use and stewardship practices among animal health practitioners, veterinary drug retailers and cattle keepers in Mvomero, Tanzania]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Asimwe M. Mugyabuso</author><author>Isaac Makundi</author><author>Abubakar S. Hoza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAntimicrobial misuse in livestock is a key driver of antimicrobial residues and resistance (AMR), yet knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among cattle keepers and stewardship awareness among animal health practitioners (AHPs) and veterinary drug retailers ((VDR) remain poorly characterized in many low-resource settings.MethodsA total of 322 participants were interviewed in a cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended interviews. They included, 299 cattle keepers, 10 AHPs and 13 VDR. Descriptive statistics were done to compute frequencies of responses, chi square tests and linear regression analysis to assess association between dependent and independent variables while thematic analysis to analyze key informants’ interviews.ResultsAwareness of antimicrobial use (AMU), residues, and AMR was generally low, with a mean score of 94 (31.4%, 95%CI: 26.2-36.6). The Mean awareness score from Linear regression showed that higher education (secondary: β = 0.878, p = 0.002; tertiary: β = 1.469, p < 0.001) and longer livestock experience (>4 years: β = 1.35, p < 0.001) were positively associated with awareness, whereas younger age groups had lower scores. Awareness significantly predicted attitudes toward responsible AMU, particularly regarding residues (β = 6.427, p < 0.001) and AMR (β = 2.473, p < 0.001). Attitudes were generally low, with an overall mean score of 2.06 (41.2%). Male sex, older age, higher education, and longer livestock experience were positively associated with more favorable attitudes. Practices were suboptimal: 99.7% (95%CI: 99.1-100) reported AMU, but only 21.1% (95%CI: 16.4-25.8) kept treatment records, hygiene was limited, and manure was frequently applied to fields (77.6%, 95%CI: 72.8-82.3). Key informants highlighted frequent non-prescription sales (AHPs: 9/10; VDR: 13/13), reliance on empirical diagnosis (AHPs: 10/10; VDR: 3/10), weak regulatory enforcement (AHPs: 8/10; VDR: 11/13), and limited knowledge of AMR (AHPs: 6/10; VDR: 3/13) as major drivers of inappropriate AMU.ConclusionAwareness, age, education, and livestock experience significantly influenced attitudes toward responsible AMU. Systemic gaps in veterinary services emphasize the need for integrated educational and regulatory interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship and mitigate AMR risks.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1729093</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2025.1729093</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Stakeholder perspectives on a hypothetical rapid test for antibiotic resistant bacteria: an exploratory study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kelly Laas</author><author>Kimberly Vargas Barreto</author><author>Elisabeth Hildt</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Antibiotic resistance remains a significant public health concern. One possible solution is to develop a new type of highly accessible test for antibiotic resistance that can be rapidly and easily utilized. As new diagnostics for measuring antibiotic resistance continue to be developed, several key practical, ethical, and social factors must be considered, including the types of tests that might be useful, their potential beneficiaries, and the contexts in which they should be utilized. This study aims to gather insights from key stakeholders regarding the ethical implications, benefits, and potential risks associated with a hypothetical rapid antibiotic resistance test that may also be designed for home use. A total of 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three stakeholder groups: potential users, medical providers, and ethicists. While prospective users of the test were generally positive about the proposed test, this might reflect public acceptance of point of care/home tests in general, rather than one specifically measuring ABR. Medical providers and experts knowledgeable about the problems of antibiotic overuse quickly pointed out some drawbacks and areas of concern for home testing for ABR, offering helpful guidance on where further research and consideration are needed.]]></description>
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