AUTHOR=Wang Yuemin , Stavness Ian 

TITLE=Dynamic-budget superpixel active learning for semantic segmentation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2024

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1498956

DOI=10.3389/frai.2024.1498956

ISSN=2624-8212

ABSTRACT=IntroductionActive learning can significantly decrease the labeling cost of deep learning workflows by prioritizing the limited labeling budget to high-impact data points that have the highest positive impact on model accuracy. Active learning is especially useful for semantic segmentation tasks where we can selectively label only a few high-impact regions within these high-impact images. Most established regional active learning algorithms deploy a static-budget querying strategy where a fixed percentage of regions are queried in each image. A static budget could result in over- or under-labeling images as the number of high-impact regions in each image can vary.MethodsIn this paper, we present a novel dynamic-budget superpixel querying strategy that can query the optimal numbers of high-uncertainty superpixels in an image to improve the querying efficiency of regional active learning algorithms designed for semantic segmentation.ResultsFor two distinct datasets, we show that by allowing a dynamic budget for each image, the active learning algorithm is more effective compared to static-budget querying at the same low total labeling budget. We investigate both low- and high-budget scenarios and the impact of superpixel size on our dynamic active learning scheme. In a low-budget scenario, our dynamic-budget querying outperforms static-budget querying by 5.6% mIoU on a specialized agriculture field image dataset and 2.4% mIoU on Cityscapes.DiscussionThe presented dynamic-budget querying strategy is simple, effective, and can be easily adapted to other regional active learning algorithms to further improve the data efficiency of semantic segmentation tasks.