AUTHOR=Saadiyeh Omar , Ramadan Alaaeddine , Hajjar Mohammad , Bernard Gilles 

TITLE=A comparative study of Arabic syntactic analyzers

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1638743

DOI=10.3389/frai.2025.1638743

ISSN=2624-8212

ABSTRACT=Syntactic analysis stands at the heart of Natural Language Processing (NLP), serving as the cornerstone upon which deeper linguistic understanding is built—particularly for morphologically complex languages such as Arabic. This paper delivers a comprehensive comparative study of contemporary syntactic analyzers designed explicitly for Arabic, dissecting the strengths and limitations of rule-based, statistical, machine learning, and hybrid methodologies, and recent neural network and transformer-based models. Given Arabic's intricate morphological structure and rich syntactic variation, accurately capturing syntactic relationships poses a significant challenge. To address this complexity, our study meticulously evaluates existing algorithms, highlighting advancements, performance gaps, and practical trade-offs. In addition, recognizing that robust syntactic parsing is anchored in high-quality annotated datasets, we provide a thorough overview of available Arabic treebanks and annotated corpora, emphasizing their critical role and contribution to syntactic parsing advancements. By synthesizing current efforts in the domain, this comparative analysis not only offers clarity on the state-of-the-art but also guides future research directions. Ultimately, our work seeks to empower NLP practitioners and researchers with nuanced insights, enabling more informed choices in the development of powerful, accurate, and linguistically insightful Arabic syntactic analyzers.